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Review
. 2025 Mar 25:18:1611-1628.
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S502175. eCollection 2025.

A Comprehensive Overview of Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Resistance Dynamics, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Options

Shan-Shan Jin #  1   2 , Wei-Qin Wang #  1 , Yi-Han Jiang #  1 , Yue-Tian Yu  3 , Rui-Lan Wang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Overview of Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Resistance Dynamics, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Options

Shan-Shan Jin et al. Infect Drug Resist. .

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a notable pathogen responsible for various infections. The emergence of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant strains has raised global concern. Many novel approaches were developed to combat the current severe situation of antibiotic resistance, and clinical guidelines have also provided corresponding recommendations. This review highlights the critical aspects of Kp, including classification, virulence factors, systemic dissemination, drug resistance progression and the new therapeutic strategies to combat this evolving threat.

Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae; capsule types; carbapenem resistant; colonization; evolution; hypervirulent; metastatic spread; virulence; virulence plasmid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Virulence factors of cKp and hvKp.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Common infection sites of Kp.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Novel Approaches to MDR Kp.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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