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Case Reports
. 2025 Apr;66(4):402-408.

Pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to a mediastinal mass in a cat

Jeongyun Jeong  1 , Kyungjin Yoon  1 , Jupill Chang  1 , Woo Joo Choi  1 , Jae-Eun Hyun  1 , Kidong Eom  1 , Jaehwan Kim  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to a mediastinal mass in a cat

Jeongyun Jeong et al. Can Vet J. 2025 Apr.

Abstract
in English, French

This report describes the case of a 5-year-old spayed female munchkin cat that was presented with respiratory distress. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion with a diffuse interstitial lung pattern. Echocardiography identified a mass compressing the left atrium, accompanied by a turbulent jet-like flow from the pulmonary veins, with a velocity of 1.6 m/s. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse, homogenous mediastinal mass compressing the dorsal border of the left atrium and surrounding the ascending aorta and the pulmonary arteries and veins. The distal caudal pulmonary veins were dilated, indicating pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to the mediastinal mass. The caudodorsal ostium was stenotic due to the mediastinal mass compression. In addition, bilateral adrenomegaly and multifocal masses were evident in the kidneys, stomach, and cecum. Lymphoma was diagnosed in the cecal mass using cytology and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR). This case describes clinically significant acquired pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to a mediastinal mass, which was likely responsible for the respiratory distress and pleural effusion. Key clinical message: To our knowledge, this is the first report of acquired pulmonary vein stenosis secondary to a mediastinal mass in a cat. Computed tomography could be helpful in confirming pulmonary vein stenosis and identifying its etiology.

Sténose de la veine pulmonaire secondaire à une masse médiastinale chez un chatCe rapport décrit le cas d’une chatte munchkin stérilisée âgée de 5 ans présentée avec une détresse respiratoire. La radiographie thoracique a révélé un épanchement pleural avec un motif pulmonaire interstitiel diffus. L’échocardiographie a identifié une masse comprimant l’oreillette gauche, accompagnée d’un flux turbulent de type jet provenant des veines pulmonaires, avec une vitesse de 1,6 m/s. La tomodensitométrie a révélé une masse médiastinale diffuse et homogène comprimant le bord dorsal de l’oreillette gauche et entourant l’aorte ascendante et les artères et veines pulmonaires. Les veines pulmonaires caudales distales étaient dilatées, indiquant une sténose de la veine pulmonaire secondaire à la masse médiastinale. L’ostium caudo-dorsal était sténosé en raison de la compression de la masse médiastinale. De plus, une adrénomégalie bilatérale et des masses multifocales étaient visibles dans les reins, l’estomac et le cæcum. Un lymphome a été diagnostiqué dans la masse cæcale à l’aide de la cytologie et de la PCR pour les réarrangements des récepteurs d’antigènes (PARR). Ce cas décrit une sténose acquise de la veine pulmonaire cliniquement significative secondaire à une masse médiastinale, qui était probablement responsable de la détresse respiratoire et de l’épanchement pleural.Message clinique clé :À notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier rapport de sténose acquise de la veine pulmonaire secondaire à une masse médiastinale chez un chat. La tomodensitométrie pourrait être utile pour confirmer la sténose de la veine pulmonaire et identifier son étiologie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
A and B — Right lateral and ventrodorsal thoracic radiographic images. Bilateral pleural effusion in the cranial thoracic cavity (asterisks) and diffuse lung interstitial patterns (red arrows) are noted.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
A and B — Echocardiographic images of the modified left apical 4-chamber view. An echogenic mass (asterisk) compressing the left atrium is noted. The turbulent jet-like flow into the left atrium (LA) (blue arrowheads) can be seen. LV — Left ventricle; RA — Right atrium.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
A and B — Continuous-wave Doppler images of the modified left atrial to aortic root (LA/Ao) view. The turbulent jet-like flow into the right atrium (red arrow) can be seen. The peak velocities of the turbulent flows in the right atrium (red arrow) and left atrium (blue arrowhead) were
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Postcontrast computed tomographic images in the transverse (A), oblique dorsal (B), and dorsal (C, D, E) planes. A diffuse, homogenous mediastinal mass (asterisk) compresses the dorsal border of the left atrium (LA) and surrounds the descending aorta (double asterisk), pulmonary arteries (red arrows), and pulmonary veins (blue dashed arrow) (A). The distal caudal pulmonary veins (yellow arrowheads) are dilated (B). The pulmonary vein ostia of the right cranial (yellow dashed line) (C), left cranial (red dashed line) (D), and caudodorsal (blue dashed line) (E) veins measured 5.5, 2.6, and 3.5 mm, respectively. The caudodorsal ostium is considered stenotic secondary to the mediastinal mass. All images are viewed in the soft-tissue window (window level = 60 HU; window width = 400 HU; slice thickness = 1.00 mm).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
A and B — Cytologic examiantion of the aspirated cecal mass. Moderate-to-large-sized lymphocytes with high cellularity, mild anisocytosis, coarse chromatin patterns, marked nucleoli, and mitotic figures are seen. Diff-Quik staining, 1000× magnification (A, B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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