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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Feb;11(1):e70128.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.70128.

Prevalence of Dental Trauma in Spain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Elda Esther García Méndez  1 , David Ribas-Pérez  1 , Diego Rodríguez Menacho  1 , Ignacio Barbero Navarro  1 , Eva Rosel Gallardo  2 , Antonio Castaño Séiquer  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Dental Trauma in Spain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Elda Esther García Méndez et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of TDI in the Spanish population through a systematic review and meta-analysis, identifying differences by sex, age, and study setting.

Materials and methods: An exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid Medline, and CINAHL, including gray literature and other alternative sources. Observational studies evaluating the prevalence of TDI in Spain, with a total of 8662 participants. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the JBI tool, and the PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure transparency and reproducibility.

Results: The estimated overall prevalence of TDI was 9.94% (95% CI: 5.98%-16.6%). The results showed a higher prevalence in males (10.5%) compared to females (5.7%), and in children (11.1%) compared to adolescents (6.1%). Fractures were the most common type of TDI (56.5%), followed by avulsion (4.0%). High heterogeneity was observed among the studies, suggesting variability in data collection methods and TDI classification.

Conclusions: This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of TDI in Spain, which sheds light on the need for a standardized approach in future research. Although it presents significant methodological strengths, limitations such as high heterogeneity and lack of standardization should be considered when interpreting the results.

Keywords: Spain; adolescents; children; dental fractures; meta‐analysis; prevalence; systematic review; traumatic dental injuries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of the assessment of the methodological quality of the included studies. Note: Q1: Was the sampling frame appropriate to address the target population; Q2: Was an adequate sample of study participants drawn; Q3: Was the sample size adequate; Q4: Were the study subjects and setting described in detail; Q5:Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample; Q6: Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition under study; Q7: Was the condition measured in a standard and reliable way for all participants; Q8: Was an adequate statistical analysis performed; Q9: Was the response rate adequate? If not, was the low response rate adequately managed?
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma by subgroups. Note: k: number of studies. Prevalence is expressed as a percentage. CI, confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of the different types of dentoalveolar trauma. Note: k: number of studies. Prevalence is expressed as a percentage. CI, confidence interval.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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