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Review
. 2025 Apr 3;392(13):1320-1333.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2405313.

Malaria

Johanna P Daily  1   2 , Sunil Parikh  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Malaria

Johanna P Daily et al. N Engl J Med. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Geographic Distribution of Malaria Cases in 2022.
Shown in Panel A is the predicted age-standardized prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria per 5-km2 area (corresponding to one pixel) during 2022 among children 2 to 10 years of age. Gray shading indicates areas in which P. falciparum has not been endemic since at least 2000. Lighter gray shading indicates areas with a predicted prevalence of more than 0% and a population density of 5 people or less per 5 km2; these areas are present only in South America. Unshaded areas are those in which there were no cases of P. falciparum malaria during 2022 according to the model output or where P. falciparum has become nonendemic since 2000. Panel B shows the predicted prevalence of P. vivax (Pv) malaria per 5-km2 area (corresponding to one pixel) during 2022 among persons between 1 and 99 years of age. With the exception of several countries in East Africa, the burden of P. vivax malaria in Africa remains poorly measured. Areas in Africa where P. vivax transmission may be possible but there was not sufficient information to generate a prediction are mapped as having a very low prevalence. Gray shading indicates areas in which P. vivax has not been endemic since at least 2000. Darker gray shading indicates areas in which the predicted prevalence was very low. Unshaded areas are those in which there were no cases of P. vivax malaria during 2022 according to the model output or where P. vivax has become nonendemic since 2000. Data were generated with the use of methods and mapping outputs from the Malaria Atlas Project.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Plasmodium Life Cycle and Interventions.
Shown are major stages of the Plasmodium life cycle and an overview of interventions at each stage for residents of and travelers to regions where malaria is endemic. Housing modifications include putting screens on windows and doors and draining standing water. Monoclonal antibodies that target sporozoites and prevent infection of liver cells are in development. Perennial malaria chemoprevention was previously known as intermittent preventive treatment in infants. ACT denotes artemisinin-based combination therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Malaria.
    Barkati S, Balerdi-Sarasola L, Yansouni CP. Barkati S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2025 Aug 7;393(6):620-621. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2507763. N Engl J Med. 2025. PMID: 40768732 No abstract available.
  • Malaria. Reply.
    Daily JP, Parikh S. Daily JP, et al. N Engl J Med. 2025 Aug 7;393(6):621. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2507763. N Engl J Med. 2025. PMID: 40768733 No abstract available.

References

    1. World malaria report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization, December 11, 2024 (https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria...).
    1. Blackburn D, Drennon M, Broussard K, et al. Outbreak of locally acquired mosquito-transmitted (autochthonous) malaria — Florida and Texas, May–July 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72: 973–8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Global Malaria Programme operational strategy 2024–2030. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. (https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376518/9789240090149-eng.pdf).
    1. Villena OC, Arab A, Lippi CA, Ryan SJ, Johnson LR. Influence of environmental, geographic, socio-demographic, and epidemiological factors on presence of malaria at the community level in two continents. Sci Rep 2024;14:16734. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weiss AM, Dzianach PA, Saddler A, et al. Mapping the global prevalence, incidence, and mortality of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria, 2000–22: a spatial and temporal modelling study. Lancet 2025:S0140. - PMC - PubMed

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