Robotically procured living donor kidneys transplanted into pediatric recipients

Abstract

Background: Use of living donors for kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients provides optimal long-term graft and patient survival; however, it accounts for only 28.5 % of transplants performed in the United States in 2021. Robotic-assisted living donor nephrectomy is shown to be a safe and feasible option, offering enhanced visualization and improved surgical dexterity, allowing for a potential increase in the living donor pool for pediatric kidney transplant recipients, even in cases of grafts with anatomical variants.

Methods: We reviewed all pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) that received an open kidney transplant with a robotically procured living donor graft at our institution between October 2022 and July 2023. Recipient and living donor demographics, peri- and post-operative data, and graft characteristics were obtained and analyzed.

Results: Eight pediatric recipients were evaluated. Mean recipient age was 11 years, and seven recipients were male. Four kidney grafts required back-table reconstruction: three underwent vascular reconstruction (two requiring deceased donor vascular grafts as extensions of renal veins; one requiring conjoining of two renal arteries), and one underwent cyst removal. Mean cold and warm ischemia time were 73 and 29 min, respectively. There were no cases of delayed graft function or post-operative vascular or urological complications. Mean serum creatinine value at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplant was 0.785 mg/dL (N = 8), 0.808 mg/dL (N = 8), 0.818 mg/dL (N = 8) and 0.9 mg/dL (N = 3), respectively.

Conclusion: Our study shows that robotically procured living donor kidney grafts, even with anatomical variants, are a safe and feasible source for pediatric kidney transplantation. Utilization of grafts with vascular abnormalities for transplantation after vascular reconstruction does not appear to increase the risk of developing complications and therefore, can increase the donor pool for pediatric transplant candidates.

Keywords: Kidney; Pediatrics; Reconstruction; Robotic; Transplant; Vascular.