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. 2025 Apr 4;10(1):108.
doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02199-7.

Chronic mild stress exacerbates atrial fibrillation and neutrophil extracellular traps formation through S100A8/A9 signaling

Shan Meng  1 , Tao Huang  1 , Zijun Zhou  1 , Liming Yu  2 , Huishan Wang  3
Affiliations

Chronic mild stress exacerbates atrial fibrillation and neutrophil extracellular traps formation through S100A8/A9 signaling

Shan Meng et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics: All procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command and were strictly adhered to Institutional Animal Care and Use protocols (Approval No. 2023-51, 31 December 2023).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Atrial S100A8/A9 signaling in chronic mild stress-associated atrial fibrillation. a upper Left atrial electrical mapping obtained from Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts, with black arrows indicating the direction of electrical conduction on atrial surface. a lower Quantitative analysis on the inhomogeneity index and the mean conduction velocity calculated with computer algorithms (n = 6, one-way ANOVA). Quantitative analysis of AF inducibility (%). The successful AF induction was defined as the occurrence of AF in at least 2 out of 3 pacing episodes in each mouse (n = 8, Fisher exact test). b left Representative western blot images of S100A8/A9 in atrial tissue. The top 15 enriched Gene Ontology (GO)-Biological Process (BP) terms identified through analysis of the upregulated DEGs. b right A stacked bar chart illustrating the average ratio of immune cells (n = 6). c upper Quantitative analysis of the inhomogeneity index and mean conduction velocity (n = 6, one-way ANOVA). Percentage of successful AF induction (n = 9, Fisher exact test). c lower Quantitative analysis of S100A8/A9 expression in plasma and representative western blot images of S100A8/A9 in atrial tissue (n = 6, one-way ANOVA). d left Flow cytometry histogram of atrial tissue. Quantitative analysis of neutrophils (CD45+CD11b+Ly6G+) cells among immune cells (CD45+) in atrial tissue (n = 6, one-way ANOVA). d middle Representative immunofluorescence images depicting NETs in atrial tissues, identified using citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3, red), Myeloperoxidase (MPO, green), and DAPI (blue) staining. Quantitative analysis of NET-positive area (%) in atrial tissues (scale bar = 20 μm, n = 6, one-way ANOVA). d right Representative western blot images of CitH3, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway in the atria (n = 6, one-way ANOVA). In this study, quantitative analysis of all Western blot and immunofluorescence images was conducted using Image J software
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References

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