Potential military applications for a new freeze-dried plasma

Abstract

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of potentially preventable death in both military and civilian trauma. Current resuscitation approaches minimize crystalloids and emphasize plasma and other blood components to achieve a balanced transfusion as early as possible after injury. Owing to the nature of military operations, military medical systems must contend with great distances, degraded infrastructure, and harsh environments, as well as combat and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) scenarios. These factors limit both patient movement and the ability to deliver blood products to the point of need. Current projections are that future military scenarios will have longer times to reach a medical treatment facility than experienced in recent conflicts, increasing the need for logistically efficient blood products. Freeze-dried plasma (FDP) is rapidly available, easy to use, and shelf-stable at room temperature, making it easier to deliver at the point of need in challenging military environments. For the past 30 years, FDP has been available in only a few countries. Where it has been available, it has become the preferred plasma for austere or military expeditionary settings. Recently, a new FDP, OctaplasLG Powder, was approved in 17 countries worldwide and for emergency use by the Canadian and United States militaries. It is expected that FDP will soon become available to many more militaries. This review discusses the importance of plasma, reassesses the potential military uses of FDP across the range of military operations, and provides a brief discussion of OctaplasLG Powder.

Keywords: FDP; freeze‐dried plasma; military; resuscitation.