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Review
. 2025 Apr 4;30(1):236.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02517-3.

The impact of environmental factors on respiratory tract microbiome and respiratory system diseases

Yutao Ge  1 , Guo Tang  1 , Yawen Fu  1 , Peng Deng  1 , Rong Yao  2
Affiliations
Review

The impact of environmental factors on respiratory tract microbiome and respiratory system diseases

Yutao Ge et al. Eur J Med Res. .

Abstract

The respiratory tract microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms colonizing the respiratory mucous layers and epithelial surfaces along with their associated microenvironment, plays a vital role in maintaining respiratory function and promoting the maturation of the respiratory immune system. Current research suggests that environmental changes can disrupt the respiratory microbiota, potentially leading to disease. This review summarizes existing research on the impact of environmental factors on the respiratory microbiome and associated diseases, aiming to offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of respiratory disease.

Keywords: Air pollutants; Gut–lung axis; Humidity; Respiratory microbiome; Temperature.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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