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Review
. 2025 Apr 7;21(7):e339-e355.
doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-24-00195.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for calcified and resistant lesions

Gabriele Pesarini  1 , Farrel Hellig  2   3 , Ashok Seth  4 , Richard Alan Shlofmitz  5 , Flavio Luciano Ribichini  1
Affiliations
Review

Percutaneous coronary intervention for calcified and resistant lesions

Gabriele Pesarini et al. EuroIntervention. .

Abstract

Relevant calcified coronary artery disease (CCAD) may be present in around 20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, and it is known to add procedural challenges and risks. Careful patient selection and specific expertise in multimodality imaging and plaque modification techniques are required to plan and adopt the most appropriate therapeutic strategy. This review aims to present the contemporary clinical approach and procedural planning for CCAD patients, describing the available tools and strategies in view of the most recent scientific evidence.

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Conflict of interest statement

F. Hellig received proctoring fees from Boston Scientific. A. Seth is an advisory board member for Abbott; and speakers bureau member for Boston Scientific and Shockwave Medical. F.L. Ribichini is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Shockwave Medical, and Abbott. R.A. Shlofmitz and G. Pesarini have no conflicts of interest to declare regarding this manuscript.

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