Clinical Trial

. 2025 Apr 7;37(1):117.

doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w.

Effects of a multicomponent training and a detraining period on cognitive and functional performance of older adults at risk of frailty

Ana Moradell^{1

2

3}, Isabel Iguacel^{1

3

4

5

6}, David Navarrete-Villanueva^{1

2

4

6}, Ángel Iván Fernández-García^{1

2

7}, Marcela González-Gross⁸, Jorge Pérez-Gómez⁹, Ignacio Ara^{10

11}, Jose Antonio Casajús^{1

2

3

4

5

12}, Alba Gómez-Cabello^{1

2

13}, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez^{14

15

16

17

18

19

20}

Affiliations

¹ Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (EXER-GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
² Exercise and Health Spanish Research Net (EXERNET) (RED2022-134800-T),, Zaragoza, Spain.
³ Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁴ Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, 50090, Spain.
⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁷ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁸ ImFINE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
⁹ HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
¹⁰ GENUD-Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain.
¹¹ CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
¹³ Centro Universitario de la Defensa- Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, 50090, Spain.
¹⁴ Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (EXER-GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁵ Exercise and Health Spanish Research Net (EXERNET) (RED2022-134800-T),, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁶ Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁷ Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, 50090, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁸ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁹ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
²⁰ Planta Edificio SAI (Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna nº 13, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.

PMID: 40192885
PMCID: PMC11976811
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w

Clinical Trial

Effects of a multicomponent training and a detraining period on cognitive and functional performance of older adults at risk of frailty

Ana Moradell et al. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025.

. 2025 Apr 7;37(1):117.

doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (EXER-GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
² Exercise and Health Spanish Research Net (EXERNET) (RED2022-134800-T),, Zaragoza, Spain.
³ Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁴ Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, 50090, Spain.
⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁷ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
⁸ ImFINE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
⁹ HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
¹⁰ GENUD-Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain.
¹¹ CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
¹² Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
¹³ Centro Universitario de la Defensa- Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, 50090, Spain.
¹⁴ Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (EXER-GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁵ Exercise and Health Spanish Research Net (EXERNET) (RED2022-134800-T),, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁶ Instituto de investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁷ Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, 50090, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁸ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
¹⁹ Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
²⁰ Planta Edificio SAI (Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna nº 13, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.

PMID: 40192885
PMCID: PMC11976811
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w

Abstract

Aims: This study analyzes the effects of a 6-month multicomponent exercise program (MCT) followed by a 4-month detraining period on functional and cognitive status in pre-frail and frail older adults.

Methods: A total of 108 pre-frail and frail adults aged 65 and older participated in the study. They were assigned by convenience to either a control group (CG) or an intervention group (IG). The IG underwent a 6-month MCT followed by a 4-month detraining period. Assessments included a DT test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and evaluations of basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results: Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for the DT test (p < 0.05). The IG showed improved DT performance after the 6-month MCT (4.0, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.7 s), followed by a decline after the detraining period (-1.1, 95% CI: -2.1 to -0.2 s). However, performance after detraining remained higher than at baseline (2.9, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.6 s, p < 0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in the CG. Additionally, no significant effects were found for MMSE scores or daily activity questionnaires.

Conclusion: MCT had beneficial effects on functional and cognitive performance in older adults, as assessed by the DT test. However, improvements in DT performance did not translate into better daily life activities. Although the 4-month detraining period negatively impacted DT performance, the results remained superior to baseline levels.

Trial registration number: NCT03831841 and date of registration: 5th of November 2018.

Keywords: Ageing; Cognition; Dementia; Dual tasks; Physical exercise.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical standards: The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of “the Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón (16/50)”, in 2016 following the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki 1961, revised in the General Assembly held in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2013. All older adults in the study agreed to participate voluntarily and signed an informed consent form after receiving detailed information about the purpose, procedures, benefits and risks of the study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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Cited by

A systematic review of multicomponent vs. single-component training programs for fall prevention in older adults.
Kasicki K, Piskorz EK, Rydzik Ł, Ambroży T, Ceranowicz P, Błach W. Kasicki K, et al. Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 28;13:1636439. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1636439. eCollection 2025. Front Public Health. 2025. PMID: 40791619 Free PMC article.

References

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Effects of a multicomponent training and a detraining period on cognitive and functional performance of older adults at risk of frailty

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Effects of a multicomponent training and a detraining period on cognitive and functional performance of older adults at risk of frailty

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