Steatocystoma

Excerpt

Steatocystoma is a benign cystic condition arising from the pilosebaceous unit. Unlike the misnomer associated with epidermal inclusion cysts, steatocystomas are true sebaceous cysts with sebaceous glands located within the wall of the cyst lining. Steatocystomas can occur as single (steatocystoma simplex) or multiple (steatocystoma multiplex) lesions and typically present as smooth, round nodules located on the chest, axillae, or groin. These cysts are relatively small, ranging from a few millimeters to about a centimeter in diameter, and are located within the skin. If these cysts are punctured, they release an oily, fluid-like substance. Lesions are typically local in these common areas, although more unusual facial, acral, and congenital linear forms have been described. Although most cases are sporadic, familial forms or links to other congenital abnormalities should prompt a detailed family history and possible genetic testing. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, dermoscopy, and histopathological confirmation.

Steatocystomas are typically asymptomatic and cause few complications beyond aesthetic concerns; therefore, treatment is typically unnecessary unless it is for cosmetic purposes or to achieve diagnostic clarity. However, these lesions do not typically resolve spontaneously, and definitive treatment involves complete removal. Newer approaches, such as carbon dioxide laser therapy, have shown promising cosmetic outcomes for multiple lesions.