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Review
. 2025 Apr 8;27(1):25.
doi: 10.1007/s12017-025-08851-3.

Exploring NLRP3 Inhibition as a Key Modulator in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Khiany Mathias  1   2 , Richard Simon Machado  1 , Taise Cardoso  1 , Beatriz Naspolini  1 , Josiane Prophiro  2 , Fabricia Petronilho  3
Affiliations
Review

Exploring NLRP3 Inhibition as a Key Modulator in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Khiany Mathias et al. Neuromolecular Med. .

Abstract

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a critical condition associated with significant acute brain damage and long-term neurological impairments. Growing evidence highlights the role of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key multiprotein complex driving neuroinflammation, in the progression of neonatal HI brain injury. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which plays a pivotal role in exacerbating brain damage. This article examines current research to better understand the relationship between neonatal HI, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and neuroinflammatory process. Furthermore, it emphasizes the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway, proposing its modulation as a promising neuroprotective strategy to reduce neuroinflammation and improve outcomes in affected neonates.

Keywords: NLRP3 inflammasome; Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval: Not applicable. Consent to Participate: Not applicable. Consent for Publication: Not applicable.

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