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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Apr 8;20(4):e0320149.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320149. eCollection 2025.

Delays in seeking healthcare and its determinants among malaria patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Moges Tadesse Abebe  1 , Tesfahun Zemene Tafere  2 , Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne  3 , Dessie Alemnew Shiferaw  4 , Yosef Aragaw Gonete  5 , Tadele Kassahun Wudu  6 , Getnet Azanaw Takele  7 , Muluken Chanie Agimas  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Delays in seeking healthcare and its determinants among malaria patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Moges Tadesse Abebe et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google were searched. Cross-sectional and case-control studies about delays in seeking healthcare for more than 24 hours were included. STATA 17 was used to analyze the data. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed via the I2 test. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Subgroup analyses were performed by region and study setting. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the influence of individual studies.

Results: A total of 18 articles with 7371 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of delay in seeking healthcare was 67% (95% CI: 51%-84%). Age less than 15 years (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.34-3.85), inability to read and write (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.18-9.69), travel to health institutions on foot (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.71-4.49), and by horse (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.57-4.84), living far from a health institution (OR: 2.65, CI: 1.37-5.13), not having a family history of death (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 2.14-4.33), and not being a member of community-based health insurance (OR: 7.14, 95% CI: 1.09-46.63) were significant determinants of delays in seeking healthcare.

Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of delays in seeking healthcare was high, and most of the determinants were modifiable. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address these barriers and improve timely access to healthcare for affected populations.

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Conflict of interest statement

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flow chart of study selection for systematic review and meta-analysis of delays in seeking healthcare among malaria patients in Ethiopia.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of delays in seeking healthcare among malaria patients in Ethiopia.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Subgroup analysis by region of delay in seeking healthcare among malaria patients in Ethiopia.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Subgroup analysis by study setting on delays in seeking healthcare among malaria patients in Ethiopia.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Funnel plot showing publication bias among the included studies.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Sensitivity analysis of the pooled prevalence for each study removed one at a time.
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