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Review
. 2025 Feb;15(2):565-593.
doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.7. Epub 2025 Feb 28.

Polymeric rumen-stable delivery systems for delivering nutricines

Yedi Herdiana  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Polymeric rumen-stable delivery systems for delivering nutricines

Yedi Herdiana. Open Vet J. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Ruminants face unique drug and nutrient delivery challenges because of their symbiotic rumen microorganisms. Polymeric rumen-stable delivery systems (RDSs) have emerged as a promising solution for efficiently delivering nutrition and enhancing animal health and productivity. Traditional methods such as heat and chemical treatment have been improved with polymeric coatings that facilitate the slow postruminal release of bioactive substances. Polymeric coatings of nutrients offer significant potential for improving ruminant health, reducing farmer costs, and promoting sustainability in livestock. This paper explores the mechanisms of rumen protection and abomasal release provided by polymeric coatings, discusses other RSDs, and reviews methods for evaluating their performance in vitro and in vivo. Further research in this area could advance novel nutricine delivery solutions for ruminants.

Keywords: Livestock industry; Nutricines; Polymeric coatings; Ruminants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The digestive system of cows. Microorganisms are frequently found in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract compartments (Huaiquipán et al., 2023).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Physiological considerations for designing RDSs.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Formulation considerations for designing RDSs.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. The major criteria for designing a RDSs.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. In vitro test for protection from rumen, release test, and absorption.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Sample of blood response in ruminant animals evaluation (Abnaroodheleh et al., 2023).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.. Nutricine components.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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