The Brief Case: Complexity of laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium genavense-a classic case of an unusual pathogen

doi:10.1128/jcm.01463-24

Review

. 2025 Apr 9;63(4):e0146324.

doi: 10.1128/jcm.01463-24. Epub 2025 Apr 9.

The Brief Case: Complexity of laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium genavense-a classic case of an unusual pathogen

Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui^{1

2}, Jessica McFarland³, Jonathan Pham⁴, Salika M Shakir^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
² ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
³ Department of Infectious diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA.

PMID: 40202326
PMCID: PMC11980387
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01463-24

Review

The Brief Case: Complexity of laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium genavense-a classic case of an unusual pathogen

Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2025.

. 2025 Apr 9;63(4):e0146324.

doi: 10.1128/jcm.01463-24. Epub 2025 Apr 9.

Authors

Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui^{1

2}, Jessica McFarland³, Jonathan Pham⁴, Salika M Shakir^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
² ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
³ Department of Infectious diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA.

PMID: 40202326
PMCID: PMC11980387
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01463-24

No abstract available

Keywords: HIV; Mycobacterium genavense; NTM; fastidious isolates; mycobactin; nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Fig 1**
Histopathology pictographs from lymph node biopsy. (A) AFB stain (carbol fuchsin with methylene blue as counterstain) demonstrating positive AFB (pink) within the necrotic foci, (magnification 100×). (B) Auramine O stain from positive Myco/F Lytic blood culture bottle (500 × magnification).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. 2018. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 218:40–44. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026 - DOI - PubMed
1. Ledwon A, Dolka I, Adamczyk K, Szeleszczuk P. 2021. Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata). J Vet Res 65:415–423. doi:10.2478/jvetres-2021-0067 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Kiehn TE, Hoefer H, Bottger EC, Ross R, Wong M, Edwards F, Antinoff N, Armstrong D. 1996. Mycobacterium genavense infections in pet animals. J Clin Microbiol 34:1840–1842. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.7.1840-1842.1996 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Manarolla G, Liandris E, Pisoni G, Sassera D, Grilli G, Gallazzi D, Sironi G, Moroni P, Piccinini R, Rampin T. 2009. Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey. Vet Microbiol 133:323–327. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.017 - DOI - PubMed
1. Ludwig E, Reischl U, Janik D, Hermanns W. 2009. Granulomatous pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium genavense in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 46:1000–1002. doi:10.1354/vp.08-VP-0190-L-BC - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. 2018. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 218:40–44. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. 2018. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 218:40–44. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Ledwon A, Dolka I, Adamczyk K, Szeleszczuk P. 2021. Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata). J Vet Res 65:415–423. doi:10.2478/jvetres-2021-0067 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Ledwon A, Dolka I, Adamczyk K, Szeleszczuk P. 2021. Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata). J Vet Res 65:415–423. doi:10.2478/jvetres-2021-0067 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Kiehn TE, Hoefer H, Bottger EC, Ross R, Wong M, Edwards F, Antinoff N, Armstrong D. 1996. Mycobacterium genavense infections in pet animals. J Clin Microbiol 34:1840–1842. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.7.1840-1842.1996 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Kiehn TE, Hoefer H, Bottger EC, Ross R, Wong M, Edwards F, Antinoff N, Armstrong D. 1996. Mycobacterium genavense infections in pet animals. J Clin Microbiol 34:1840–1842. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.7.1840-1842.1996 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Manarolla G, Liandris E, Pisoni G, Sassera D, Grilli G, Gallazzi D, Sironi G, Moroni P, Piccinini R, Rampin T. 2009. Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey. Vet Microbiol 133:323–327. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.017 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Manarolla G, Liandris E, Pisoni G, Sassera D, Grilli G, Gallazzi D, Sironi G, Moroni P, Piccinini R, Rampin T. 2009. Avian mycobacteriosis in companion birds: 20-year survey. Vet Microbiol 133:323–327. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.07.017 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Ludwig E, Reischl U, Janik D, Hermanns W. 2009. Granulomatous pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium genavense in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 46:1000–1002. doi:10.1354/vp.08-VP-0190-L-BC - DOI - PubMed

[10] Ludwig E, Reischl U, Janik D, Hermanns W. 2009. Granulomatous pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium genavense in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Pathol 46:1000–1002. doi:10.1354/vp.08-VP-0190-L-BC - DOI - PubMed

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The Brief Case: Complexity of laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium genavense-a classic case of an unusual pathogen

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The Brief Case: Complexity of laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium genavense-a classic case of an unusual pathogen

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