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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Apr 9;44(1):112.
doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00860-z.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale

Khushbu Viresh Janani  1 , Parsa Saberian  2 , Hardik B Patel  3 , Narsimha Rao Keetha  4 , Ardalan Etemadzadeh  2 , Anya Patel  5 , Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi  6 , Ehsan Amini-Salehi  7 , Anoop Gurram  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale

Khushbu Viresh Janani et al. J Health Popul Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of developing MetS due to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine profiles, and the effects of corticosteroid treatment. However, the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients remains inconsistent across studies. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients and compare its occurrence between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception up to January 19, 2025. Eligible observational studies reporting MetS prevalence in IBD patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, version 4.0 was used for analysis.

Results: The pooled prevalence of MetS in IBD patients was 21.8% (95% CI: 14.3-31.6%). The prevalence was higher in UC patients (32.7%, 95% CI: 16.0-55.5%) compared to CD patients (14.1%, 95% CI: 8.6-22.3%). Patients with UC had significantly higher odds of MetS than those with CD (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.85, P = 0.02). Additionally, IBD patients with MetS were significantly older than those without (MD: 9.89, 95% CI: 5.12-14.67, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: In summary, this meta-analysis reveals a notable prevalence of MetS among patients with IBD, particularly in those with UC, where the prevalence is higher than in CD. The analysis also shows that IBD patients with MetS tend to be older, suggesting age as a contributing factor. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic screening in IBD care, especially in UC and elderly patients.

Keywords: Crohn’s disease; Inflammatory bowel disease; Meta-analysis; Metabolic syndrome; Ulcerative colitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study selection process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Prevalence of Mets in Mets in patients with IBD. A: Forest plot B: sensitivity analysis C: Prediction interval analysis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of Mets in Mets in patients with UC. A: Forest plot B: sensitivity analysis C: Prediction interval analysis
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Prevalence of Mets in Mets in patients with CD. A: Forest plot B: sensitivity analysis C: Prediction interval analysis
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Comparison of the prevalence of Mets in Mets in patients with CD and UC. A: Forest plot B: sensitivity analysis C: Trim and fill analysis D: Prediction interval analysis
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Comparison of the age of IBD patient with and without Mets
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Potential mechanism of action
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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