Self-Prescribed Beta-Blocker Use and Health Implications Among Undergraduate Medical Students at Umm Al-Qura University

Abstract

Background: High levels of stress and anxiety are prevalent among medical students worldwide, often leading to the use of beta blockers to alleviate these symptoms. However, self-prescribing these drugs poses considerable health risks, raising concerns about the widespread, unregulated use of such medications in medical student populations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and perceptions of self-prescribed beta blocker use among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia, focusing on understanding the influences behind this behavior.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among UQU medical students, including males and females from their second to sixth year and those in internships. Students who did not complete the survey or used prescribed beta blockers were excluded, a Raosoft sample size calculator was used to determine the minimum sample size for this study. Data were collected on demographics, usage patterns, reasons for use, and associated perceptions. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 22 to identify factors associated with beta blocker use.

Results: Out of 809 participants, 42 (5.2%) reported using beta blockers, mainly for anxiety relief and performance enhancement. The majority (69.0%) self-prescribed the medication, with 76.2% using it on an "as-needed" basis. While 81% of participants were aware of potential side effects, 31% experienced them. Peer influence played a significant role, with 61.9% of users receiving recommendations from friends or classmates.

Conclusion: This study identified a notable incidence of self-prescribed beta blocker use among medical students at UQU. The findings highlight the need for educational programs to encourage responsible medication practices. Future research should focus on the broader social dynamics influencing this behavior and the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the risks associated with self-prescription.

Keywords: beta blockers; medical students; prevalence; self-prescribed.

Figure 1

Reasons and time for using propranolol among undergraduate medical students at UQU. The most reported reasons for using the drug were anxiety relief (83.3%), performance enhancement (50%), and peer pressure (26.2%). For timing of use, 73.8% used the drug before the OSCE, 47.6% before presentations, 35.7% before written exams, 28.6% before the objective structure practical examination (OSPE), 11.9% during the exam period, and 9.5% at a social gathering. (see Figure 1).