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. 2025:2922:229-240.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4510-9_17.

Standard Preparation Protocol of Human Skin and Skin Substitute Samples for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Gery Barmettler  1 , Urs Ziegler  2
Affiliations

Standard Preparation Protocol of Human Skin and Skin Substitute Samples for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Gery Barmettler et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2025.

Abstract

This chapter is intended to be a guide to skin and skin substitutes studies dealing with the analysis of subcellular structures of cells and tissues by providing an exhaustive sample preparation protocol for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Critical steps to obtain good ultrastructure are mentioned as well as notes to improve the sample collection. New ways to automatize the imaging acquisition are discussed.

Keywords: Bioengineered skin analogs; Epidermal stratification and cornification tissue engineering; Human-pigmented skin analog; Mesenchymal cells; Skin substitutes; Skin tissues; TEM tissue preparation; Tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal skin.

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