An Overview of the Incidence, Causes, and Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent cause of micronutrient anemia globally, accounting for 50% of all anemia cases. It poses a major health burden, reaching epidemic levels in developing countries compared to developed countries. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the incidence of IDA among young adults, particularly females, and children in Saudi Arabia, and to identify its most common causes and risk factors.

Methods: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases for publications addressing IDA or iron deficiency in Saudi Arabia.

Results: In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of IDA is alarmingly high, reaching 67% in certain cities, predominantly affecting females, teenager, children, and infants. This high prevalence of IDA has been attributed to nutritional, socioeconomic, and genetic factors.

Conclusions: IDA is a major health burden in Saudi Arabia that requires urgent attention. The detrimental impact of iron deficiency on health necessitates immediate action to reduce its incidence and long-term complications on quality of life as well as mortality and morbidity related to iron deficiency within the Saudi population.