Self-related thought alterations associated with intrinsic brain dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

The subjective experience of self-awareness is attributed to the human capacity for introspective thought during periods of mind-wandering. However, how this cognitive function is impacted in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) still needs to be better understood. To address this gap, we investigated alterations in self-referential thinking in a cohort of 30 MCI patients, comparing them to 60 healthy old-aged and 60 healthy younger controls. MCI patients exhibited a notable decline in overall cognitive function, as evidenced by significantly lower scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with particular deficits in Memory subscore and Memory Index Score (MIS). Employing the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ) to assess mind-wandering, we observed diminished self-related thoughts relating to personal past experiences and future thinking among MCI patients. Notably, using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) microstate analysis, we detected reduced neural activity for microstate C associated with self-related thoughts in MCI patients and healthy older relative to healthy younger controls, and an increase in neural activity for microstate A in MCI patients compared to healthy older and younger controls. This aberrant temporal activity was localized within brain regions implicated in episodic autobiographical memory and the default mode network. Our results highlight a link between impaired mind-wandering ability and dysfunction within the intrinsic neural networks of MCI patients, underscoring its implications for disruptions in the sense of self within this clinical population.

Keywords: Cognitive decline; Healthy aging; MCI patients; Resting-state EEG microstates; Self-related thought.

Fig. 1

(A) MoCA scores of the overall, (B) memory subscore and (C) memory index score (MIS-MoCA). Error bars indicate standard deviations. P values are FDR corrected. *** p < 0.005.

Fig. 2

(A) ARSQ scores of self, (B). Planning, and (C) Visual thought. Error bars indicate standard deviations. P values are FDR corrected. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005.

Fig. 3

EEG microstate topographies during mind-wandering. These four maps were extracted across MCI patients and healthy older and younger participants.

Fig. 4

(A) EEG microstate C parameters of GEV, (B) duration, (C) time coverage, and (D) occurrence. Error bars indicate standard deviations. P values are FDR corrected. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005.

Fig. 5

(A) EEG microstate A parameters of GEV, (B) duration, (C) time coverage, and (D) occurrence. Error bars indicate standard deviations. P values are FDR corrected. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005.

Fig. 6

(A) Sources of EEG microstate C during mind-wandering. These sources were extracted across MCI patients and healthy older and younger participants. (B) Sources of EEG microstate A during mind-wandering. These sources were extracted across MCI patients and healthy older and younger participants.