Advancing genetic services in African healthcare: Challenges, opportunities, and strategic insights from a scoping review

Abstract

The implementation of genetic medicine services in African healthcare systems is a complex process that presents both challenges and opportunities. The primary objective of this study was to provide evidence-based recommendations to policymakers and healthcare organizations to help ensure the successful integration of genetic services into African healthcare systems. To achieve this goal, we conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2003 and 2023. The studies were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Africa-wide information databases. We based their findings on eight relevant research studies conducted between 2016 and 2023, covering a wide range of genetic topics in six African countries, including Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Tanzania. The studies identified several challenges associated with the implementation of genetic services in African healthcare systems. These challenges include a lack of awareness and education about genetic diseases, barriers to genetic testing, resource limitations, ethical dilemmas, and challenges in follow-up and retention. However, the authors also highlighted opportunities and strategies for successful implementation, emphasizing preventive measures through community engagement, advocacy, and supportive networks. Apart from the potential to improve healthcare outcomes, implementing genetic services in Africa presents opportunities and challenges for healthcare and biotech companies. To address gaps in disease awareness, we recommend that healthcare providers should invest in education, collaborate with local institutions, and utilize digital platforms. Furthermore, businesses should explore innovative, cost-effective genetic testing models and create dialog platforms like online forums to positively impact African health care.

Keywords: Africa; challenges; community engagement; genetic services; health care; opportunities.

Figure 1

Study selection process