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Review
. 2025 Jun;82(6):945-956.
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.24026. Epub 2025 Apr 11.

Asian Expert Consensus on Nocturnal Hypertension Management

Jing Liu  1 , Yan Li  2 , Kei Asayama  3 , Xin-Jun Zhang  4 , Hao-Min Cheng  5 , Sungha Park  6 , Kazuomi Kario  7 , Erkin Mirrakhimov  8   9 , Ji-Guang Wang  2
Affiliations
Review

Asian Expert Consensus on Nocturnal Hypertension Management

Jing Liu et al. Hypertension. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

There is consistent and strong evidence that nighttime blood pressure is a better predictor of target organ damage and cardiovascular events, and the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension is high in all populations but higher in Asians than Europeans. Excessive salt intake and salt sensitivity have long been believed to be risk factors for elevated nighttime blood pressure in Asians. For various reasons, the control rate of nocturnal hypertension is low, for example, insufficient monitoring and inappropriate therapeutic regimens. With the increasing evidence and possibility of management, it is highly relevant to have thorough discussions among Asian experts and to reach a consensus on major aspects in regard to the management of nocturnal hypertension. The consensus involves 5 aspects, including definitions and diagnosis, epidemiology, risk and risk factors, treatment, and future perspectives.

Keywords: antihypertensive agents; blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory; hypertension; prevalence; sodium chloride, dietary.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.-G. Wang received grants from Huawei, Medtronic, Omron, and Novartis and lecture and consulting fees from Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Servier, and Viatris. Y. Li received research grants from A&D, Bayer, Omron, Salubris, and Shyndec and lecture fees from A&D, Omron, Servier, Salubris, and Shyndec. S. Park received consulting fees from Skylab and payment or honoraria for manuscript writing from Viatris, Organon, Boryung Hanmi, Daewoong, Donga, Celltrion, Servier, Daiichi Sankyo, Chong Kun Dang, and Daewon. The other authors report no conflicts.

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