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. 2025 Mar 22;14(7):2165.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14072165.

Xbox Kinect Sports Effects on Cognition Status and Physical Performance in Physically Inactive Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Edgar Vásquez-Carrasco  1   2 , Celia Sánchez Gómez  3   4 , Pablo Valdés-Badilla  5   6 , Jordan Hernandez-Martinez  7   8   9 , Francisca Villagrán-Silva  10 , Cristian Sandoval  11   12   13 , Pedro Moruno Miralles  14
Affiliations

Xbox Kinect Sports Effects on Cognition Status and Physical Performance in Physically Inactive Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Edgar Vásquez-Carrasco et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of Xbox Kinect Sports (XKS) relative to an inactive control group (CG) on cognitive status and physical performance in physically inactive older females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with the following groups: XKS (n = 15) and CG (n = 15), considering three weekly sessions of 60 min for 24 weeks. A two-way mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed. Results: A two-way mixed ANOVA revealed significant time × group interactions for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (F(2,18) = 14.8, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.292, large effect), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) (F(2,18) = 19.5, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.351, large effect), and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) (F(2,18) = 6.55, p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.154, large effect). No significant interactions were observed for the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (F(2,18) = 0.998, p = 0.324, ηp2 = 0.027, small effect), Maximal Isometric Handgrip Strength (MIHS) (dominant: F(2,18) = 0.163, p = 0.688, ηp2 = 0.005; non-dominant: F(2,18) = 0.012, p = 0.912, ηp2 = 0.000, small effects), or Maximal Isometric Pinch Strength (MIPS) (dominant: F(2,18) = 0.099, p = 0.756, ηp2 = 0.003; non-dominant: F(2,18) = 0.233, p = 0.632, ηp2 = 0.006, small effects). Conclusions: XKS significantly improves cognitive status measured by the MMSE and physical performance through reduced time in TUG and fear of falling through the FES-I in physically inactive older females.

Keywords: aging; cognition; exergaming; physical functional performance; virtual reality exercise.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CONSORT flow diagram of participants included on the trial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Assessments and regular sessions of the intervention. BBS: Berg Balance Scale; FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International; MIHS: Maximal Isometric Handgrip Strength; MIPS: Maximal Isometric Pinch Strength; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; RPE: Rating of Perceived Exertion; TUG: Timed Up-and-Go.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multiple intragroup and intergroup comparisons of Xbox Kinect Sports and control group on cognitive status in physically inactive older females. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Multiple intragroup and intergroup comparisons of Xbox Kinect Sports and control group on physical performance physically inactive older females. BBS: Berg Balance Scale (p = 0.324); FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International (p = 0.015); TUG: Timed Up-and-Go (p = 0.000). ns: no significant differences across the groups.
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