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. 2025 Apr 3;14(7):2443.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14072443.

Comparative Analysis of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas (Kane, Barrett Universal II, Hill-Radial Basis Function, and Ladas Super Formula): Which One Is More Accurate?

Ionela-Iasmina Yasar  1 , Servet Yasar  2 , Leila Al Barri  1 , Diana-Maria Darabus  1   3 , Andreea-Talida Tîrziu  1 , Mihnea Munteanu  1   3 , Horia Tudor Stanca  4
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas (Kane, Barrett Universal II, Hill-Radial Basis Function, and Ladas Super Formula): Which One Is More Accurate?

Ionela-Iasmina Yasar et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: The most widely used contemporary intraocular lens power calculation formulas are the Kane formula, Barrett Universal II formula, Hill-Radial Basis Function, and Ladas Super Formula, each of which was developed to improve postoperative refractive accuracy. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of these formulas to evaluate their predictive accuracy across diverse biometric profiles. Methods: A total of 210 eyes that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in this study. This study was designed as a retrospective observational investigation. The biometric parameters of the intraocular lens were evaluated using the ARGOS optical biometer. Refractive intraocular lens power calculations were performed using the formulas, and the resulting values were systematically compared to assess predictive accuracy. In our research, a parametric approach was adopted by applying ANOVA repeated measures analysis. Multiple measurements were evaluated through homogeneity of covariances. Pairwise comparisons between formula-derived values were conducted using the Bonferroni test to identify significant differences. A paired-sample t-test was used to compare the spherical equivalent levels calculated at the first and last controls. Potential correlations were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between formulas. The differences among the formulas were caused by the values obtained from the Ladas Super Formula being significantly higher than the others. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the data obtained from the formulas. The spheric equivalent values were similar, with no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study reinforces the notion that modern intraocular lens power calculation formulas exhibit a high degree of accuracy and correlation in predicting postoperative refractive outcomes.

Keywords: Barrett universal II; Hill–radial basis function; Kane; Ladas super formula; intraocular lens power calculation formulas; spherical equivalent.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Estimated marginal means and boxplot graphics of formulas.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SE values in boxplot graphic.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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