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. 2025 Apr 3;14(7):2445.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14072445.

Brain Volume Measures in Adults with MOG-Antibody-Associated Disease: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study

Riccardo Orlandi  1 , Sara Mariotto  1 , Francesca Gobbin  1 , Francesca Rossi  2 , Valentina Camera  1 , Massimiliano Calabrese  1 , Francesca Calabria  3 , Alberto Gajofatto  1
Affiliations

Brain Volume Measures in Adults with MOG-Antibody-Associated Disease: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study

Riccardo Orlandi et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Little is known about the impact of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) on brain atrophy. This multicenter longitudinal study compares brain MRI volumes and T2 lesion volume between MOGAD patients, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and a healthy control (HC) group with brain MRI scans available from an online repository. Methods: In total, 16 adult MOGAD patients (9 F) were age- and sex-matched with 44 RRMS patients (17 F) recruited in Verona MS Center and 14 HC subjects. The availability of two brain MRI scans performed 18 ± 6 months apart was mandatory for each patient. Annual percentage brain volume change (PBVC/y), baseline global brain, white matter (WM), gray matter (GM) regional brain volumes and T2 lesion volume were compared between groups. Results: PBVC/y was lower in MOGAD than in RRMS patients (p = 0.014) and lower in HC subjects than in MS patients (p = 0.005). Overall, MOGAD showed higher mean global brain (p = 0.012) and WM volume (p = 0.024) but lower median T2 lesion volume at timepoint 1 (p < 0.001); T2 lesion volume increased over time in the RRMS (p < 0.001) but not in the MOGAD cohort (p = 0.262). Conclusions: The structural brain MRI features of MOGAD show higher global brain and WM volumes and lower brain volume loss over time compared to RRMS, suggesting different underlining pathogenetic mechanisms.

Keywords: MOGAD; MRI; brain atrophy; longitudinal study; multiple sclerosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors have nothing to disclose in relation to the study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of MOGAD versus MS patients with 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 lesions in different brain areas.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Brain volume measures on MRI scans. Horizontal black bars represent median values. Squares are means. (A): Annualized percentage brain volume change in MS, MOGAD and HC subjects; (B): NBV distribution in MS, MOGAD and HC subjects (cm3); (C): WM volume distribution in MS and MOG patients.
Figure 4
Figure 4
T2 lesion load. (A): T2 lesion volume at T0. Horizontal black bars represent median values. Squares are means; (B): T2 lesion volume distribution at T0 and T1 in MOGAD and MS patients.
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