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. 2025 Apr 7;14(7):2514.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14072514.

Comparing Electromyographic Muscle Activities and Kinematics During Sit-to-Stand Transitions in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity Versus Healthy Controls

Yukako Hayamizu  1   2 , Tetsuyuki Nagafusa  1 , Kumi Sasaki  1 , Masaaki Nagashima  1 , Katsuya Yamauchi  1 , Tomohiko Hasegawa  3 , Go Yoshida  3 , Tomohiro Banno  3 , Hideyuki Arima  3 , Shin Oe  3 , Tomohiro Yamada  3 , Yukihiro Matsuyama  3 , Yu Yamato  3
Affiliations

Comparing Electromyographic Muscle Activities and Kinematics During Sit-to-Stand Transitions in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity Versus Healthy Controls

Yukako Hayamizu et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) affects sit-to-stand (STS) transitions due to abnormal spinal alignment, influencing muscle function. This study investigated lower-extremity electromyographic activity and kinematic parameters during STS transitions in ASD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with ASD patients scheduled for corrective surgery. The STS task was divided into three phases, and electromyographic activity, temporal parameters, and joint kinematics were compared between ASD patients and controls. Surface electromyography measured muscle activity, and a high-speed camera recorded phase durations and joint movements. Results: Compared to 17 controls, 17 ASD patients exhibited significantly increased %MVIC (ASD, controls, p-value) in the biceps femoris during the flexion momentum phase (23.7 ± 26.5, 12.3 ± 8.6, p = 0.048) and extension phase (48.6 ± 25.8, 32.8 ± 40.5, p = 0.011), and in the soleus during the flexion momentum phase (16.2 ± 7.5, 8.5 ± 2.9, p = 0.001). The ASD group also showed greater joint motion and longer phase durations during STS transitions. Conclusions: ASD patients display increased lower limb muscle activation, prolonged phase durations, and more joint motion during STS transitions. These findings highlight neuromuscular and biomechanical differences, though whether these are pathological, adaptive, or compensatory remains unclear.

Keywords: activities of daily living; electromyography; kinematics; lower extremity; spine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the existence of competing financial interests from Medtronic Sofamor Danek Inc., Japan Medical Dynamic Marketing Inc., Meitoku Medical Institution Jyuzen Memorial Hospital, and Morimachi, Shuchi-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture. The submitted manuscript does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Starting position for sit-to-stand movement measurements. The upper limbs are crossed in front of the chest, with the ankle joint in a neutral position and the knee joint flexed at 90°.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Positions for maximum voluntary isometric contraction measurement. (A) Rectus femoris, (B) biceps femoris, (C) tibialis anterior, (D) soleus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow chart of the participant selection process. ASD, adult spinal deformity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example of movement observed in patients with ASD and healthy controls. Phase 1: Flexion momentum. Phase 2: Momentum transfer. Phase 3: Extension. ASD, adult spinal deformity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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