The Effect of a Smart Diaper Sensor on Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Afflicting a Sedentary Patient with Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among hospitalized patients and often leads to complications like incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). This risk is heightened among patients with cognitive impairment, as delayed diaper changes can worsen skin conditions. Smart diaper sensors provide a promising solution to these challenges. Methods: A 76-year-old woman with cognitive impairment and gait disturbance presented with itchy erythema and rashes consistent with IAD. Conventional treatments offered partial relief but did not resolve the symptoms. The MONIT smart diaper sensor was used in combination with antifungal ointment. The sensor, attached externally to the diaper, monitored moisture levels in real time and sent alerts to a smartphone via Bluetooth when a diaper change was needed. Results: The MONIT system significantly improved skin condition, as evidenced by reduced scores on the incontinence-associated dermatitis and its severity (IADS) instrument and the perineal assessment tool (PAT). Conclusions: The combined use of the MONIT smart diaper sensor and antifungal treatment effectively managed IAD, reducing its severity and preventing complications. Smart diaper sensors represent valuable tools for improving care for sedentary patients with cognitive impairment, offering innovative support for timely interventions.

Keywords: cognitive deficit; incontinence-associated dermatitis; smart diaper; urinary incontinence.

Figure 1

Incontinence-associated dermatitis on lower back and both buttocks: (A) initial skin lesion; (B) after treatment with only topical agents; and (C) two weeks after MONIT application.

Figure 2

MONIT smart diaper sensor unit.

Figure 3

Changes in the perineal assessment tool and incontinence-associated-dermatitis-and-its-severity instrument scores.