Anticipated impact of novel adult-specific pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Abstract

Background: The incidence of IPD in adults, while largely decreased from indirect effect of pediatric PCVs, remains high.

Objective: To describe differences in the expected serotype coverage and incidence of IPD by V116, a novel adult-specific PCV, and other licensed PCVs used in adults.

Methods: We used national IPD surveillance serotype distribution data from 7 countries (US, Canada, UK, Germany, France, Spain, and Australia). We calculated serotype coverage offered by V116 and PCV20 in adults 65+ (or 60+) years old in 2022 (2019 for UK, France). For all countries except Germany, we reported incidence/notification rates of IPD due to serotypes in V116 versus other PCVs in 2019. As an example, we estimated annual numbers of US cases potentially prevented, assuming 100 % vaccine efficacy and uptake for both vaccines.

Results: From 7 countries, coverage conferred by V116 in adults 65+ in 2019-2022 ranged from 66 %-88 % of IPD cases while PCV20 coverage ranged from 50 %-66 %. The incidence of IPD among adults 65+ caused by serotypes included in V116 is higher in all six countries compared to other PCVs in 2019. In US, the annual incidence of IPD (per 100,000) among 65+ was 24; the incidence caused by serotypes in V116 was 20 cases compared to 12 from PCV20 serotypes. Of the estimated total 12,800 annual IPD cases in 2019 in the US, V116 could potentially prevent ∼8200 cases compared to ∼5000 by PCV20.

Conclusions: Based on IPD surveillance data from key countries, serotype coverage by V116 was ∼16-33 % higher than that by PCV20 among adults 65+ years in 2022 (data for UK, France from 2019). V116 includes serotypes responsible for the majority of IPD and is expected to prevent more IPD cases than PCV20 among 65+.

Keywords: Adult-specific pneumococcal; CAPVAXIVE; IPD; Invasive pneumococcal disease; Novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV; PCV21; Pneumococcal serotypes; Pneumococcal vaccine; V116.