Clinical Practice Guideline for detection and management of diabetic kidney disease: A consensus report by the Spanish Society of Nephrology

Abstract

To address all the changes in the management of people with diabetes (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), under the auspices of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), the Spanish Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group (GEENDIAB) decided to publish an updated Clinical Practice Guideline for detection and management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). It is aimed at a wide audience of clinicians treating diabetes and CKD. The terminology of kidney disease in diabetic patients has evolved toward a more inclusive nomenclature that avoids underdiagnosis of this entity. Thus, the terms "diabetes and kidney disease" and "diabetic kidney disease" are those proposed in the latest KDIGO 2022 guidelines to designate the whole spectrum of patients who can benefit from a comprehensive therapeutic approach only differentiated according to eGFR range and albuminuria. Recommendations have been divided into five main areas of interest: Chapter 1: Screening and diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease, Chapter 2: Metabolic control in people with diabetes and CKD, Chapter 3: Blood pressure control in people with diabetic kidney disease, Chapter 4: Treatment targeting progression of CKD in people with diabetic kidney disease, and Chapter 5: Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy in people with diabetes and CKD. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for guideline development were followed to report this guideline. Systematic reviews were carried out, with outcome ratings and summaries of findings, and we reported the strength of recommendations following the "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" GRADE evidence profiles.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic kidney diseases; Diabetic nephropathy; Enfermedades renales diabéticas; Guidelines; Guías de práctica clínica; Nefropatía diabética.