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Review
. 2025 Mar;32(2):162-178.
doi: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.10.001.

Holistic Patient-Centered Outcomes in Post-Acute Kidney Injury Care: Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, and Social Outcomes

Jia H Ng  1 , Mahie M Abdullah  2 , Emaad M Abdel-Rahman  3
Affiliations
Review

Holistic Patient-Centered Outcomes in Post-Acute Kidney Injury Care: Physical, Emotional, Cognitive, and Social Outcomes

Jia H Ng et al. Adv Kidney Dis Health. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury can lead to severe short- and long-term consequences. The majority of acute kidney injury outcome studies have focused on mortality and kidney-related outcomes, with very few studies considering the importance of a holistic approach to post-acute kidney injury care. In this review, we focus on the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social outcomes following acute kidney injury that may affect patients' quality of life, aiming to highlight the importance of assessing and managing patients both during their hospitalization as well as posthospital discharge. We conclude with specific key recommendations to ensure that health care providers consider all aspects of care for patients with acute kidney injury, and we advocate for a concerted effort to develop post-acute kidney injury care strategies that embrace a holistic approach, ensuring comprehensive care for acute kidney injury survivors.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cognitive outcomes; Emotional outcomes; Physical outcomes; Social outcomes.

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