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. 2025 Apr 13;18(1):164.
doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07226-y.

The effect of immunomodulatory celecoxsib on the gene expression of inhibitory receptors in dendritic cells generated from monocyte cells

Vida Hashemi  1 , Behzad Baradaran  2 , Bahar Naseri  2 , Javad Masoumi  2 , Elham Baghbani  2 , Nazila Alizadeh  2 , Reza Shiri Haris  1 , Arezoo Hosseini  3
Affiliations

The effect of immunomodulatory celecoxsib on the gene expression of inhibitory receptors in dendritic cells generated from monocyte cells

Vida Hashemi et al. BMC Res Notes. .

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by irregular immune responses that disrupt self-tolerance. This research explores the effects of the immunomodulatory drug celecoxib on the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Key receptors, including CTLA-4, VISTA, BTLA, PDL-1, B7H7, and LAG3, play critical roles in initiating and regulating immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of immune checkpoints in preventing autoimmune conditions, with animal research supporting their effectiveness in immunotherapy. Our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of immune checkpoint receptors can enhance the inhibitory functions of DCs, thereby promoting self-tolerance. As a result, tolerogenic DCs present a promising therapeutic avenue for treating autoimmune diseases. Although these results are promising, further trials are required to validate this approach before it can be applied clinically. This study underscores the potential of targeting immune checkpoint receptors as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disorders.

Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Celecoxib; Immune checkpoint; Tolerogenic dendritic cell.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the ethical code IR.MARAGHEHPHC.REC.1402.012. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Purification of monocytes and verification of high purified monocytes by flow cytometry and CD14-FITC antibody
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Apoptosis assay; Determination the optimum dose of celecoxib for inducting tolDCs with Annexin V and PI
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A) Morphological analysis of monocytes and DCs in vitro by the inverted light microscope. (B) Evaluation of phenotypic characterization and surface markers expression (CD11c, HLA-DR, CD86, and CD14) of mDCs and celecoxib-treated mDCs by flow cytometry. DC: dendritic cell, HLA-DR: Human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype, mDC: Mature dendritic cell
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The expression levels of CD11c, HLA-DR, and CD86 based on MFI in mDC and celecoxib-treated DCs (ns, not significant, **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
mRNA expression level of immune checkpoints in mDCs and celecoxib-treated mDCs (ns, not significant, **P < 0.01, and ****P ≤ 0.0001)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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