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. 2025 Mar 1;50(3):179-186.
doi: 10.30476/ijms.2024.100595.3287. eCollection 2025 Mar.

Epidemiology of Burden of Prostate Cancer in Iran during 2009-2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Elham Goodarzi  1   2 , Saeed Rajaei Ramesh  3 , Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani  4 , Mahshid Abbasi  5 , Fazlollah Fathollahi Shoorabeh  6
Affiliations

Epidemiology of Burden of Prostate Cancer in Iran during 2009-2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Elham Goodarzi et al. Iran J Med Sci. .

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological situation concerning the incidence, prevalence, and burden of prostate cancer in Iran from 2009 to 2019.

Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical study. To assess the spatial distribution of prostate cancer, data on the incidence, mortality, Disability-adjusted life years (DALY), Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality (YLL), and Years of Life Lost due to disability (YLD) in each province of Iran from 2009 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 website. The incidence and mortality zoning in Iran was mapped using the ArcGIS 10.3 environment. The two-variable Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data extracted to study the correlation between PC and the Human Development Index.

Results: The highest Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) of prostate cancer (40.55 per 100,000), mortality (17.09 per 100,000), YLL (254.1 per 100,000), YLD (23.88 per 100,000), and DALY (277.98 per 100,000) is related to Bushehr province. The results of the Pearson correlation reveal a positive and statistically significant correlation between the ASIR of prostate cancer and the Human Development Index (r=0.651, P=0.0001) in Iran. The highest Percentage of Annual Changes (PAC) in ASIR, Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR), Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR), YLL, YLD, and DALY were related to the provinces of West Azarbayejan (62.9%), Golestan (30.86%), West Azarbayejan (87.66%), Golestan (29.38%), West Azarbayejan (76.95%), and Alborz (31.45%), respectively.

Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in all provinces of the country are on the rise. Therefore, screening programs for early detection to reduce the mortality of the disease, and etiology studies to identify the causes of increased incidence and related factors, can be effective in controlling this cancer in the country.

Keywords: Disability-adjusted life years; Iran; Morbidity; Mortality; Prostate neoplasms.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The time trends of ASMR and ASIR for prostate cancer from 2009 to 2019. ASMR: Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, AIPR: Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (Source: Global Burden of Disease)
Figure 2
Figure 2
The annual percentage changes in prostate cancer by province. DALY: Disability-adjusted life years; YLL: Years of life lost due to premature mortality; YLD: Years of life lost due to disability; APC: Annual percentage change (Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019)
Figure 3
Figure 3
The incidence (A) and mortality (B) of prostate cancer by province in 2010 to 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlation between the HDI to ASDR, ASMR, and ASIR in Iran in 2019. Pearson correlation analysis reflected a significantly positive correlation between the ASIR to HDI levels. ASDR: Age-Standardized DALY Rate, AIPR: Age-Standardized Incidence Rate, ASMR: Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, HDI: Human Development Index
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