Experienced Nurses' Motivation, Intention to Leave, and Reasons for Turnover: A Qualitative Survey Study

Abstract

There is a global nurse shortage, and researchers have made great efforts in trying to unveil the reasons for turnover and how to increase retention. However, such research has had a tendency to study variables related to intention to leave (ITL) or turnover as isolated phenomena. Objective. To simultaneously explore what factors motivate experienced nurses in the workplace and the underlying reasons for strong ITL and high staff turnover within the profession. Design. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used based on data from open-ended survey questions. The data originated from the longitudinal analyses of nursing education/employment/entry (LANE) in work-life study. The qualitative data analyzed in this study were distributed in October 2017-January 2018, to all nurses in three cohorts corresponding to 11-, 13- and 15-year postgraduation. Of the 2,474 nurses answering the survey, 1,146 (46%) responded to one or more of the open-ended questions. Results. The result showed that what motivates experienced nurses, their intention to leave (ITL), and reasons for turnover could be described in the form of five broad categories, namely, organizational characteristics, work characteristics, relationships at work, work recognition, and health issues. There was rarely a one single reason described, rather several reasons needed to be experienced over time for nurses to stay motivated or leave the profession. Conclusions. There is no single reason that makes nurses leave the profession, nor is there one single reason that makes them motivated to stay. Retention and turnover are complex processes and need to be addressed as this, not as a single isolated phenomenon.

Figure 1

Illustration of the result including subject areas (horizontal), categories, and subcategories (vertical).