Advanced and Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer-Potential New Treatment

Abstract

Globally, breast cancer is both the most common cancer and the most common cause of death related to cancer among women. It is estimated that over 2 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2022 worldwide, while almost 400,000 were diagnosed in the EU. Breast cancer has different histopathological subtypes that require different therapeutic approaches. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type that is considered more aggressive; it occurs in about 10 to 20% of all breast cancer cases. Approximately 40% of women initially diagnosed with TNBC will develop metastases. The objective of this study is to present current clinical trials focused on new treatment of advanced and metastatic TNBC. The study was conducted by searching the clinicaltrials.gov database. Due to the scope of this paper, primary endpoints in the included studies were objective response rate, treatment-emergent adverse events or serious adverse events, progression-free survival, and probability of pathologic complete response. Some of the selected studies were phase I or II RCTs; therefore, we should carefully examine their future results and implications for clinical guidelines.

Keywords: TNBC; advanced breast cancer; metastatic breast cancer; new treatment; treatment.

Figure 1

Search scheme. ^a the review included studies actively ongoing, recruiting, or completed according to the protocol, with available results. ^b terminated studies, observational, and interventional studies where inclusion criteria did not directly concern patients with advanced and metastatic TNBC or intervention did not include new therapies were excluded.