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. 2025 Mar 31:16:1533102.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533102. eCollection 2025.

Tracking the evolution of serum antibody levels and influencing factors post-SARS-CoV-2 infection among community residents in Fuzhou City

Xiaoyan Zheng #  1   2 , Qingquan Chen #  1   2 , Qiangbing Liao #  1   2 , Xiaoyang Zhang  1   2
Affiliations

Tracking the evolution of serum antibody levels and influencing factors post-SARS-CoV-2 infection among community residents in Fuzhou City

Xiaoyan Zheng et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Objective: To track the level of serum antibodies in Fuzhou residents and analyze the possible influencing factors of serum antibodies, so as to provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of population immunity and prevention and control strategies.

Methods: Residents in the Fuzhou community who had symptoms of covid-19 infection or who had tested positive for nucleic acid or antigen since December 2022 were selected for the questionnaire survey and their sera were collected to analyze the trend of antibody changes, the antibody level was divided into high antibody group and low antibody group according to the literature data. The possible influencing factors of serum antibody level was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.

Results: A total of 2,521 Fuzhou residents were adopted in the study, including 223 in the high antibody group and 194 in the low antibody group. A univariate analysis showed that, there were significant differences in age (Z=-4.028, P<0.00), occupation (χ2 = 18.591, P=0.005), typical symptoms after the first infection (χ2 = 9.784, P=0.002), history of surgery (χ2 = 29.542, P<0.001), symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks after the first infection (χ2 = 4.887, P=0.027), smoking (χ2 = 18.524, P<0.001) and drinking (χ2 = 19.578, P<0.001) between the high antibody group and the low antibody group. Multivariate regression models show that, age (OR= 1.011, 95%CI: 1.002~1.020, P=0.017), history of surgery (OR=4.956,95%CI: 2.606~9.423, P<0.001),smoking (OR=2.089, 95%CI: 1.002~4.355, P=0.049), drinking (OR=2.214, 95%CI: 1.066~4.600, P=0.033) were the risk factors affecting antibody level. Typical symptoms after the first infection (OR=0.224, 95%CI: 0.086~0.579, P=0.002) and symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks after the first infection (OR=0.432, 95%CI: 0.258~0.723, P=0.001) were protective factors. By observing the trend of antibody changes in 3, 6 and 9 months, we found that the level of IgG antibody showed a decreasing trend.

Conclusions: The high level of protection was more likely to occur in young adults, people without operation history, people without smoking history, people without drinking history, people with typical symptoms after the first infection and symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks after the first infection. The level of IgG antibody was decreased in general, so it is necessary to strengthen immunization.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; community residents; influencing factors; logistic regression; serum antibody.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overall IgG antibody levels of participants in March, June, and September.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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