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. 2025 Apr 15;4(4):CD013430.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013430.pub2.

Factors that influence caregivers' and adolescents' views and practices regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Sara Cooper  1   2   3 , Bey-Marrié Schmidt  4 , Ngcwalisa A Jama  5 , Jill Ryan  6 , Natalie Leon  4 , Edison J Mavundza  1 , Rosemary J Burnett  7 , Asahngwa Constantine Tanywe  8 , Charles S Wiysonge  1   9
Affiliations

Factors that influence caregivers' and adolescents' views and practices regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescents: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Sara Cooper et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in adolescents provides a powerful tool for preventing cervical cancer in women and other HPV-associated diseases in people of all genders. HPV vaccines have been progressively introduced in many countries. However, worldwide, many adolescents do not receive HPV vaccination, for various reasons. The HPV vaccine might be costly or unavailable, healthcare systems might lack capacity for its delivery, or adolescent health might not be prioritised. Some caregivers and adolescents may not accept available HPV vaccines and vaccination services. We currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence HPV vaccination views and practices, and why some caregivers and adolescents may be less accepting of the vaccine. Qualitative research can contribute to this understanding and help inform policy and practice, including the development of more relevant, acceptable and effective interventions to promote public acceptance and uptake of HPV vaccination in adolescents. This qualitative evidence synthesis supplements a Cochrane review of the effectiveness of interventions to improve uptake of adolescent vaccination, including HPV vaccination.

Objectives: The objectives of the review are to identify, appraise, and synthesise qualitative studies that explore caregivers' or adolescents' views, experiences, practices, intentions, decision-making, acceptance, hesitancy, or nonacceptance of HPV vaccination; to gain an understanding of the factors that influence caregiver and adolescent views and practices regarding HPV vaccination for adolescents; and to explore how the findings of this review can enhance our understanding of the related Cochrane intervention review.

Search methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus for eligible studies (February 2023). We updated this search in October 2024, but these results have not yet been fully incorporated.

Selection criteria: We included studies that utilised qualitative methods for data collection and analysis; focused on caregivers' or adolescents' views, practices, acceptance, hesitancy, or refusal of HPV vaccination for adolescents aged 9 to 19 years of age; and were from any setting globally where HPV vaccination is provided.

Data collection and analysis: We used a prespecified sampling frame to capture a sample of eligible studies that were from a range of geographical and income-level settings, were conceptually rich in relation to the review's phenomenon of interest, and included HPV vaccination for diverse genders. We extracted contextual and methodological data from each sampled study. We used a thematic synthesis approach to analyse the evidence. We assessed methodological limitations using a list of criteria used in previous Cochrane reviews and originally based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool for qualitative studies. We used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach to assess our confidence in each review finding. We integrated the findings of this review with those from the related Cochrane review of intervention effectiveness (by Abdullahi and colleagues), by mapping whether the trial interventions reflected or targeted the factors identified by this review as influencing caregivers' or adolescents' views and practices regarding HPV vaccination.

Main results: We included 206 studies in the review and sampled 71 of these for our synthesis. Of these, 35 studies were conducted in high-income countries, 26 studies in middle-income countries, 8 studies in low-income countries, and 2 studies in multiple-income settings. Studies came from all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions and included urban and rural settings. We downgraded our confidence in several findings, mainly due to concerns about how the studies were conducted (methodological limitations), concerns about perspectives lacking from some types of participants or in some settings (relevance), or because of variability in the data or insufficient evidence to support all aspects of a review finding (coherence). Many complex factors were found to influence caregivers' and adolescents' HPV vaccination views and practices, which we categorised into eight overarching themes: 1) A lack of biomedical knowledge; 2) Perceptions of a range of interrelated risks and benefits (or lack thereof) associated with HPV vaccination; 3) Routine responses to vaccination generally or more specific views or experiences of other vaccines and vaccination programmes; 4) Complex nuclear familial decision-making dynamics; 5) Extended familial and social relations and networks, particularly extended family members, peers, traditional or religious leaders, and the media; 6) Interrelated socio-cultural beliefs and practices regarding adolescence, sexuality, gender, parenting and health; 7) Trust or distrust in the institutions, systems or experts associated with vaccination, most particularly teachers and the school, the pharmaceutical industry, government, science and biomedicine, and healthcare professionals; and 8) Access to, and experiences of, HPV vaccination programmes and delivery services, such as the convenience (or lack thereof) of HPV vaccination services, the cost of the vaccine, language barriers, the feminisation of HPV vaccination programmes and procedural aspects of school-based vaccination delivery. We did not identify any major differences in the occurrence of these overarching themes between subgroups. However, for various subthemes certain differences emerged in relation to place, gender and socio-economic status, and between caregivers and adolescents. The interventions tested in the related Cochrane review of intervention effectiveness most commonly targeted caregivers' and adolescents' lack of biomedical knowledge and their perceptions of the risks and benefits of HPV vaccination, with the other influencing factors identified by our review being underrepresented.

Authors' conclusions: Our review reveals that caregivers' and adolescents' HPV vaccination views and practices are not only influenced by issues related to individual knowledge and perceptions of the vaccine, but also an array of more complex, contextual factors and meanings: social, political, economic, structural, and moral. Successful development of interventions to promote the acceptance and uptake of HPV vaccination for adolescents requires an understanding of the context-specific factors that influence HPV vaccination views and practices in the target setting. Through this, more tailored and in turn more relevant, acceptable, and effective responses could be developed. The eight overarching themes that emerged from our review could serve as a basis for gaining this understanding.

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Conflict of interest statement

Sara Cooper has declared the following competing interest: staff member at Cochrane South Africa. SC was not involved in the editorial process for this review.

Bey‐Marrié Schmidt: none known

Ngcwalisa A Jama: none known

Jill Ryan: none known

Natalie Leon: none known

Edison Mavundza: none known

Rose Burnett: none known

Asahngwa Constantine Tanywe: none known

Charles S Wiysonge has declared the following competing interests: honorary staff member at Cochrane South Africa; and Editor of Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods. CSW was not involved in the editorial process for this review.

Figures

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1
Study flow diagram
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2
Matrix model applying key findings from the qualitative synthesis to studies included in the Cochrane review of interventions (Abdullahi 2020)
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3
Conceptual framework: factors that influence caregivers’ and adolescents’ HPV vaccination views and practices
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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Venderbos 2022 {published data only}
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Vermandere 2015 {published data only}
    1. Vermandere H, Naanyu V, Degomme O, Michielsen K. Implementation of an HPV vaccination program in Eldoret, Kenya: results from a qualitative assessment by key stakeholders health policies, systems and management in high-income countries. BMC Public Health 2015;15(1):875. - PMC - PubMed
Wakimizu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Wakimizu R, Nishigaki K, Fujioka H, Maehara K, Kuroki H, Saito T, et al. How adolescent Japanese girls arrive at human papilloma virus vaccination: a semistructured interview study. Nursing & Health Sciences 2015;17(1):15-25. - PubMed
Ward 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ward JK, Crepin L, Bauquier C, Vergelys C, Bocquier A, Verger P, et al. 'I don't know if I'm making the right decision': French mothers and HPV vaccination in a context of controversy. Health, Risk & Society 2017;19(1-2):38-57.
Warner 2015 {published data only}
    1. Warner EL, Lai D, Carbajal-Salisbury S, Garza L, Bodson J, Mooney K, et al. Latino parents' perceptions of the HPV vaccine for sons and daughters. Journal of Community Health 2015;40(3):387-94. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Adegboyega 2023 {published data only}
    1. Adegboyega A, Obielodan O, Wiggins AT, Dignan M, Williams LB. Beliefs and knowledge related to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among African Americans and African immigrants young adults. Cancer Causes & Control 2023;34(5):479-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01678-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Alexander 2014 {published data only}
    1. Alexander AB, Stupiansky NW, Ott MA, Herbenick D, Reece M, Zimet GD. What parents and their adolescent sons suggest for male HPV vaccine messaging. Health Psychology 2014;33(5):448-56. - PubMed
Allen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Allen JD, Fantasia HC, Fontenot H, Flaherty S, Santana J. College men's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the human papillomavirus infection and vaccine. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009;45(5):535-7. - PubMed
Arroyo‐Morales 2020 {published data only}
    1. Arroyo-Morales GO, Rivera-Figueroa V, Soto-Abreu R, Rivera-Encarnacion ME, Diaz-Miranda OL, Medina-Laabels DT, et al. Arguments in favor and against the new HPV school entry implementation in Puerto Rico: content analysis of online media coverage. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. Conference: 12th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved. San Francisco, CA United States 2020;29(6 Suppl 2):D030.
Audrey 2021 {published data only}
    1. Audrey S, Evans K, Farr M, Ferrie J, Yates J, Roderick M, et al. Implementing new consent procedures for schools-based human papillomavirus vaccination: a qualitative study. British Journal of Child Health 2021;2(2):85-93.
Avni‐Singer 2021 {published data only}
    1. Avni-Singer L, Oliveira CR, Torres A, Shapiro ED, Niccolai LM, Sheth SS. Inpatient immunization with HPV vaccine: a qualitative study with postpartum women. Women's Health Issues 2021;11:11. - PMC - PubMed
Baezconde‐Garbanati 2017 {published data only}
    1. Baezconde-Garbanati L, Lienemann BA, Robles M, Johnson E, Sanchez K, Singhal R, et al. Implementation of HPV vaccination guidelines in a diverse population in Los Angeles: results from an environmental scan of local HPV resources and needs. Vaccine 2017;35(37):4930-5. - PMC - PubMed
Bair 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bair RM, Mays RM, Sturm LA, Zimet GD. Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine among Latina mothers. Journal of Adolescent Health 2007;40:S16-7. - PubMed
Baloch 2017 {published data only}
    1. Baloch Z, Yasmeen N, Li Y, Zhang W, Lu H, Wu X, et al. Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine among HPV-infected Chinese women. Medical Science Monitor 2017;23:4269-77. - PMC - PubMed
Bartolini 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bartolini RM, Drake JK, Creed-Kanashiro HM, Diaz-Otoya MM, Mosqueira-Lovon NR, Penny ME, et al. Formative research to shape HPV vaccine introduction strategies in Peru. Salud Publica de Mexico 2010;52(3):226-33. - PubMed
Bauquier 2021 {published data only}
    1. Bauquier C, Preau M. How French adolescents use images to represent HPV vaccination (during school-based workshops) adolescents and HPV vaccination. Psychology & Health 2021;37(6):731-46. - PubMed
Bellinger 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bellinger JD, Millegan W, Abdalla AE. "I'm not ashamed to talk on it!": African-American women's decisions about cervical cancer prevention and control in South Carolina. Women's Health Issues 2015;25(2):120-7. - PubMed
Brand 2020 {published data only}
    1. Brand JM, Caine VA, Fleming-Moran M. Knowledge & understanding of HPV vaccine acceptance in 3 selected minority populations in the Midwest. Sexually Transmitted Disseases 2020;47(9 Suppl 2):S130.
Brohman 2024 {published data only}
    1. Brohman I, Blank G, Mitchell H, Dube E, Bettinger JA. Opportunities for HPV vaccine education in school-based immunization programs in British Columbia, Canada: a qualitative study. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2024;20(1):2326779. [DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326779] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Brooks 2024 {published data only}
    1. Brooks EM, Fugate-Laus K, Webel B, Naavaal S. Perceptions of a state-level HPV vaccine mandate and exemption option in rural Virginia: a qualitative study. Vaccines 2024;12(4):401. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040401] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bruel 2020 {published data only}
    1. Bruel S, Peyrard-Chevrier K, Ginzarly M, Frappe P, Savall A. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: what can be found on the Web? Qualitative analysis of the Doctissimo.fr forum data. Revue d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 2020;68(1):25-31. - PubMed
Bynum 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bynum SA, Wright MS, Brandt HM, Burgis JT, Bacon JL. Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes related to human papillomavirus infection and vaccination, pap tests, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among adolescent girls and young women. Journal - South Carolina Medical Association 2009;105(7):267-72. - PubMed
Carnegie 2017 {published data only}
    1. Carnegie E, Whittaker A, Gray Brunton C, Hogg R, Kennedy C, Hilton S, et al. Development of a cross-cultural HPV community engagement model within Scotland. Health Education Journal 2017;76(4):398-410. - PMC - PubMed
Celentano 2021 {published data only}
    1. Celentano I, Winer RL, Jang SH, Ibrahim A, Mohamed FB, Lin J, et al. Development of a theory-based HPV vaccine promotion comic book for East African adolescents in the US. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):1-12. - PMC - PubMed
Cernasev 2023 {published data only}
    1. Cernasev A, Hohmeier KC, Oyedeji O, Hagemann T, Kintziger KW, Wisdom T, et al. Perspectives associated with human papillomavirus vaccination in adults: a qualitative study. Vaccines 2023;11(4):850. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040850] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2020 {published data only}
    1. Chen AC, Astroth C, Reifsnider E, Yang H, Mao W, Chen H. Exploring Chinese college students' HPV awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and intent of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study. Journal of Cancer Education 2020;20:20. - PubMed
Cohen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cohen EL, Head KJ. Identifying knowledge-attitude-practice gaps to enhance HPV vaccine diffusion. Journal of Health Communication 2013;18(10):1221-34. - PubMed
Coleman 2017 {published data only}
    1. Coleman A, Mallory M, Montealegre J, Smith P, Buzi R, Scheurer M, et al. Understanding the influential factors to human papillomavirus vaccination among youth in Harris County, Texas: a qualitative study. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. Conference: 9th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved. United States 2017;26(2 Suppl 1):A46.
Cunningham‐Erves 2021 {published data only}
    1. Cunningham-Erves J, Campbell L, Barlow C, Barajas C, Mayo-Gamble T, Perry M, et al. Reducing HPV associated cancers and disparities: engaging African American men to develop a culturally-appropriate program that addresses their needs. American Journal of Health Education 2021;52(4):194-206. - PMC - PubMed
Dai 2020 {published data only}
    1. Dai Z. What have we missed? : the knowledge of and access to the HPV vaccine and sex education in China. Health Communication 2020;35(1):96-8. - PubMed
Dang 2024 {published data only}
    1. Dang JH, Gori A, Rios L, Rolon AM, Zhang J, Chen MS. "You don't know if It's the truth or a Lie": Exploring Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among communities with low HPV vaccine uptake in Northern California. Vaccines 2024;12(4):372. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040372] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Do 2009 {published data only}
    1. Do H, Seng P, Talbot J, Acorda E, Coronado GD, Taylor VM. HPV vaccine knowledge and beliefs among Cambodian American parents and community leaders. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2009;10(3):339-44. - PMC - PubMed
Ejaz 2022 {published data only}
    1. Ejaz M, Ekstrom AM, Ahmed A, Haroon A, Ali D, Ali TS, et al. Human papillomavirus associated prevention: knowledge, attitudes, and perceived risks among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Pakistan: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022;22(1):1-12. - PMC - PubMed
Emerson 2020 {published data only}
    1. Emerson A, Allison M, Kelly PJ, Ramaswamy M. Barriers and facilitators of implementing a collaborative HPV vaccine program in an incarcerated population: a case study. Vaccine 2020;38(11):2566-71. - PMC - PubMed
Essoh 2023 {published data only}
    1. Essoh TA, Adeyanju GC, Adamu AA, Tall H, Aplogan A, Tabu C. Exploring the factors contributing to low vaccination uptake for nationally recommended routine childhood and adolescent vaccines in Kenya. BMC Public Health 2023;23(1):912. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15855-w] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fernandez 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fernandez ME, Le YC, Fernandez-Espada N, Calo WA, Savas LS, Velez C, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Puerto Rican mothers and daughters, 2010: a qualitative study. Preventing Chronic Disease 2014;11:E212. - PMC - PubMed
Finneran 2021 {published data only}
    1. Finneran C, Johnson PJ, Blemur D, Palefsky J, Flowers L. "That's Only for Women": the importance of educating HIV-positive sexual minority men on HPV and high resolution anoscopy (HRA). Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care 2021;20:23259582211016134. - PMC - PubMed
FitzGerald 2014 {published data only}
    1. FitzGerald SM, Savage EB, Hegarty JM. The human papillomavirus: men's attitudes and beliefs toward the HPV vaccination and condom use in cancer prevention. Journal of Men's Health 2014;11(3):121-9.
Fok 2023 {published data only}
    1. Fok CL, Fifita M, Tanjasiri SP. Decision-making regarding elective child and adolescent vaccinations among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander parents in Orange County. Health Promotion Practice 2023;29:15248399231193707. [DOI: 10.1177/15248399231193707] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Galea 2017 {published data only}
    1. Galea JT, Monsour E, Nurena CR, Blas MM, Brown B. HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptability among Peruvian men who have sex with men and transgender women: a pilot, qualitative study. PloS One 2017;12(2):e0172964. - PMC - PubMed
Ganczak 2021 {published data only}
    1. Ganczak M, Bielecki K, Drozd-Dabrowska M, Topczewska K, Biesiada D, Molas-Biesiada A, et al. Vaccination concerns, beliefs and practices among Ukrainian migrants in Poland: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):93. - PMC - PubMed
Ganczak 2023 {published data only}
    1. Ganczak M, Kalinowski P, Pasek O, Duda-Duma L, Sobieraj E, Goawski J, et al. Health system barriers to child mandatory and optional vaccination among Ukrainian migrants in Poland in the context of MMR and HPV vaccines: a qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023;20(1):712. [DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010712] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Garcia 2023 {published data only}
    1. Garcia S, Hopfer S, Amaro H, Tanjasiri S. HPV vaccine delay and refusal among unvaccinated Mexican American young adult women: a qualitative investigation of Mexican-born and US-born HPV vaccine decision narratives. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2023;46(1-2):88-99. - PMC - PubMed
Gerend 2019 {published data only}
    1. Gerend MA, Madkins K, Crosby S, Korpak AK, Phillips GL, Bass M, et al. A qualitative analysis of young sexual minority men's perspectives on human papillomavirus vaccination. LGBT Health 2019;6(7):350-6. - PMC - PubMed
Geshnizjani 2013 {published data only}
    1. Geshnizjani A, Jozkowski KN, Middlestadt SE. Factors influencing the intention of getting the HPV vaccine among college women: an application of the reasoned action approach. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2013;11(2):1-11.
Ginjupalli 2022 {published data only}
    1. Ginjupalli R, Mundaden R, Choi Y, Herfel E, Oketch SY, Watt MH, et al. Developing a framework to describe stigma related to cervical cancer and HPV in Western Kenya. BMC Women's Health 2022;22(1):1-9. - PMC - PubMed
Gochenaur 2020 {published data only}
    1. Gochenaur L, Peterson S, Vasquez L, Adler D. Knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among women in Amazonian Peru. Women's Health Reports 2020;1(1):270-8. - PMC - PubMed
Gorman 2019 {published data only}
    1. Gorman DR, Bielecki K, Willocks LJ, Pollock KG. A qualitative study of vaccination behaviour amongst female Polish migrants in Edinburgh, Scotland. Vaccine 2019;37(20):2741-7. - PubMed
Gray 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gray BC, Farver I, Jager M, Lenneis A, Parve K, Patarcic D, et al. Young women's constructions of the HPV vaccine: a cross-cultural, qualitative study in Scotland, Spain, Serbia and Bulgaria. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2014;21(1):11-9. - PubMed
Grigore 2023 {published data only}
    1. Grigore M, Costachescu G, Gafitanu D, Bucsineanu C, Catrinescu A, Grigore A. Knowledge, attitude and practice of main stakeholders towards human papilloma virus infection and vaccination in northeastern part of Romania: a qualitative study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2023;33 Suppl 3:A351-2. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.744] - DOI
Guay 2010 {published data only}
    1. Guay M, Clement P, Hamid A, Dube E, Sauveageau C, Boulianne N. Determinants of vaccination against the human papillomavirus among Quebec teenagers: parental and teen perspectives. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2010;21(4):203.
Head 2012 {published data only}
    1. Head KJ, Cohen EL. Young women's perspectives on cervical cancer prevention in Appalachian Kentucky. Qualitative Health Research 2012;22(4):476-87. - PubMed
Hecht 2021 {published data only}
    1. Hecht ML, BeLue R, Ray A, Hopfer S, Miller-Day M, McKee F. HPV vaccine intent among adult women receiving care at community health centers. Journal of Cancer Education 2021;05:05. - PubMed
Henderson 2018 {published data only}
    1. Henderson RI, Shea-Budgell M, Healy C, Letendre A, Bill L, Healy B, et al. First Nations people's perspectives on barriers and supports for enhancing HPV vaccination: foundations for sustainable, community-driven strategies. Gynecologic Oncology 2018;149(1):93-100. - PubMed
Hodge 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hodge FS, Line-Itty T, Ellenwood C. Communication pathways: HPV information and message barriers reported among American Indian college students. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2014;12(3):14-23.
Jacob 2010 {published data only}
    1. Jacob M, Mawar N, Menezes L, Kaipilyawar S, Gandhi S, Khan I, et al. Assessing the environment for introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine in India. Open Vaccine Journal 2010;3(1):96-107.
Jaiswal 2020 {published data only}
    1. Jaiswal J, LoSchiavo C, Maiolatesi A, Kapadia F, Halkitis PN. Misinformation, gendered perceptions, and low healthcare provider communication around HPV and the HPV vaccine among young sexual minority men in New York City: the P18 cohort study. Journal of Community Health 2020;45(4):702-11. - PMC - PubMed
Jones 2022 {published data only}
    1. Jones A, Kawesa-Newell N. Using branded behaviour change communication to create demand for the HPV vaccine among girls in Malawi: an evaluation of Girl Effect's Zathu mini magazine. Vaccine 2022;40:A107-15. - PubMed
Joseph 2017 {published data only}
    1. Joseph N, Gardiner P, Damus K, Resnick K, Houston A, Shrestha H, et al. Integrating human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination promotion and cervical cancer screening in a diverse inner city primary care settings. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2017;30(2):323.
Katagwa 2014 {published data only}
    1. Katagwa VN, Opio RO, Niwasasira DN, Onyege A, Naisanga M, Bongomin FA, et al. Acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccination among primary school girls in Minakulu sub-county, Northern Uganda. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014;23(4):294-5. - PMC - PubMed
Kim 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kim JS, Kang HY. Mothers' knowledge, health beliefs and intentions to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus in Korea. Contemporary Nurse 2014;47(1-2):97-107. - PubMed
Kim 2015a {published data only}
    1. Kim DS, Hong CJ, Kim J, Valdez A. Improving human papillomavirus vaccine awareness and education in the Korean American community. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015;1:12S-13S.
Kim 2015b {published data only}
    1. Kim K, Kim B, Choi E, Song Y, Han HR. Knowledge, perceptions, and decision making about human papillomavirus vaccination among Korean American women: a focus group study. Women's Health Issues 2015;25(2):112-9. - PMC - PubMed
Kim 2020 {published data only}
    1. Kim HM, Kim EA, Murphy S. Testing the effectiveness of message framing and episodic future thinking in promoting HPV vaccination via anticipated regret. Health Communication 2022;37(5):525-34. - PubMed
Kobetz 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kobetz E, Menard J, Hazan G, Koru-Sengul T, Joseph T, Nissan J, et al. Perceptions of HPV and cervical cancer among Haitian immigrant women: implications for vaccine acceptability. Education for Health (Abingdon, England) 2011;24(3):479. - PubMed
Kraaijeveld 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kraaijeveld SR, Mulder BC. Altruistic vaccination: insights from two focus group studies. Health Care Analysis 2022;30(3/4):275-95. - PMC - PubMed
Kwan 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kwan TT, Chan KK, Yip AM, Tam KF, Cheung AN, Young PM, et al. Barriers and facilitators to human papillomavirus vaccination among Chinese adolescent girls in Hong Kong: a qualitative-quantitative study. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2008;84(3):227-32. - PubMed
Lee 2020 {published data only}
    1. Lee TK, Su LY. When a personal HPV story on a blog influences perceived social norms: the roles of personal experience, framing, perceived similarity, and social media metrics. Health Communication 2020;35(4):438-46. - PubMed
Lees 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lees AC, Desousa N, Bailey SL, Coyne-Beasley T. Parents' knowledge and perceptions of HPV male outcomes and intention to vaccinate sons. Journal of Adolescent Health 2011;1:S5.
Liebermann 2020b {published data only}
    1. Liebermann EJ, VanDevanter N, Shirazian T, Frias Guzman N, Niles M, Healton C, et al. Barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment in the Dominican Republic: perspectives of focus group participants in the Santo Domingo area. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 2020;31(2):121-7. - PubMed
Ling 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ling Wang LD, Lam WW, Fielding R. Can parental decision-making about adolescent HPV vaccination inform our understanding of future preventive cancer vaccines uptake? Psycho-oncology 2014;3:55.
Loft 2020 {published data only}
    1. Loft LH, Pedersen EA, Jacobsen SU, Soborg B, Bigaard J. Using Facebook to increase coverage of HPV vaccination among Danish girls: an assessment of a Danish social media campaign. Vaccine 2020;38(31):4901-8. - PubMed
Louis‐Nance 2012 {published data only}
    1. Louis-Nance TR, Flournoy MW, Clinton KS, Hightower K, Sebastian N, Wilkinson LL, et al. The Females Against Cancer Educational Series: a qualitative evaluation of mother/daughter knowledge and perceptions of human papillomavirus and its related cancers. Journal of the National Medical Association 2012;104(3-4):194-8. - PMC - PubMed
Maatouk 2020 {published data only}
    1. Maatouk I, Jaspal R. Knowledge and acceptability of HPV vaccine among MSM in Lebanon: a qualitative study. Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association. Conference: 24th World Congress of Dermatology. Milan Italy 2020;12(2):A152.
MacPhail 2013 {published data only}
    1. MacPhail C, Venables E, Rees H, Delany-Moretlwe S. Using HPV vaccination for promotion of an adolescent package of care: opportunity and perspectives. BMC Public Health 2013;13:493. - PMC - PubMed
Maggio 2020 {published data only}
    1. Maggio LA, Krakow M, Moorhead LL. 'There were some clues': a qualitative study of heuristics used by parents of adolescents to make credibility judgements of online health news articles citing research. BMJ Open 2020;10(8):e039692. - PMC - PubMed
Malone 2021 {published data only}
    1. Malone MA, Gower AL, Reiter PL, Kiss DE, McRee AL. "What does it matter?" Young sexual minority men discuss their conversations with sexual partners about HPV vaccination. Journal of American College Health 2021;71(2):489-95. - PMC - PubMed
McRae 2014 {published data only}
    1. McRae J, Martin C, O'Leary J, Sharp L. "If you can't treat HPV, why test for it?" Women's attitudes to the changing face of cervical cancer prevention: a focus group study. BMC Women's Health 2014;14:64. - PMC - PubMed
Miller‐Day 2023 {published data only}
    1. Miller-Day M, Craw E, Harris D, Hecht ML. Men's stories: an account of translating vaccine decision narratives from young men in the US Into a targeted public health intervention. Journal of Applied Communication Research 2023;51(2):185-203.
Milondzo 2022 {published data only}
    1. Milondzo T, Meyer JC, Dochez C, Burnett RJ. Human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy highly evident among caregivers of girls attending South African private schools. Vaccines 2022;10(4):503. - PMC - PubMed
Mortensen 2010a {published data only}
    1. Mortensen GL. Drivers and barriers to acceptance of human-papillomavirus vaccination among young women: a qualitative and quantitative study. BMC Public Health 2010;10:68. - PMC - PubMed
Mortensen 2010b {published data only}
    1. Mortensen GL. Parental attitudes towards vaccinating sons with human papillomavirus vaccine. Danish Medical Bulletin 2010;57(12):A4230. - PubMed
Nabirye 2020 {published data only}
    1. Nabirye J, Okwi LA, Nuwematsiko R, Kiwanuka G, Muneza F, Kamya C, et al. Health system factors influencing uptake of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent girls 9-15 years in Mbale District, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2020;20(1):171. - PMC - PubMed
Nagendiram 2020 {published data only}
    1. Nagendiram A, Bidgood R, Banks J, Heal C. Knowledge and perspectives of the new National Cervical Screening Program: a qualitative interview study of North Queensland women-'I could be that one percent'. BMJ Open 2020;10(3):e034483. - PMC - PubMed
NCT02897232 {published data only}
    1. NCT02897232. Community and physician perspectives regarding male youth human papillomavirus (HPV) disease and vaccination. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02897232 (first posted 13 September 2016).
Newcomer 2020 {published data only}
    1. Newcomer SR, Caringi J, Jones B, Coyle E, Schehl T, Daley MF. A mixed-methods analysis of barriers to and facilitators of human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescents in Montana. Public Health Reports 2020;135(6):842-50. - PMC - PubMed
Nghi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Nghi NQ, Lamontagne DS, Bingham A, Rafiq M, Mai le TP, Lien NT, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in Vietnam: formative research findings. Sexual Health 2010;7(3):262-70. - PubMed
Niccolai 2014 {published data only}
    1. Niccolai L, Hansen C, Credle M, Shapiro E. Sexually transmitted disease prevention framing for human papillomavirus vaccination: a missed opportunity? Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2014;1:S50-1.
Nkwonta 2022a {published data only}
    1. Nkwonta CA, Dawson RM, Adegboyega A. "I don't think I have a chance to get it": international university student HPV knowledge and preventive behaviors. Journal of American College Health 2022;70(1):240-7. - PMC - PubMed
Nkwonta 2022b {published data only}
    1. Nkwonta CA, Dawson RM, Adegboyega A. "I don't think I have a chance to get it": International university student HPV knowledge and preventive behaviors. Journal of American College Health 2022;70(1):240-7. - PMC - PubMed
Onyeabor 2015 {published data only}
    1. Onyeabor OS, Martin N, Orish VN, Sanyaolu AO, Iriemenam NC. Awareness of human papillomavirus vaccine among adolescent African American males who have sex with males: a pilot study. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2015;2(3):290-4. - PubMed
Oscarsson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Oscarsson MG, Hannerfors AK, Tyden T. Young women's decision-making process for HPV vaccination. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare: Official Journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives 2012;3(4):141-6. - PubMed
Osei 2021a {published data only}
    1. Osei EA, Appiah S, Gaogli JE, Oti-Boadi E. Knowledge on cervical cancer screening and vaccination among females at Oyibi Community. BMC Women's Health 2021;21(1):1-9. - PMC - PubMed
Osei 2021b {published data only}
    1. Osei EA, Ninon AP, Gaogli JE, Boadi EO. 'I just went for the screening, but I did not go for the results'. Utilization of cervical cancer screening and vaccination among females at Oyibi Community. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2021;22(6):1789-97. - PMC - PubMed
Perkins 2012 {published data only}
    1. Perkins RB, Marquez C, Shu E, Tipton H, Porter C, Belizaire M, et al. Factors affecting human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine utilization among white, black, and Latino parents of sons. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 2012;15:S26.
Pierre‐Victor 2017a {published data only}
    1. Pierre-Victor D, Stephens D, Gabbidon K, Madhivanan P, Clarke R. Health care providers' role in HPV vaccine uptake among young Haitian women. Journal of Women's Health 2017;26(4):A44. - PubMed
Pierre‐Victor 2017b {published data only}
    1. Pierre-Victor D, Stephens DP, Clarke R, Gabbidon K, Madhivanan P. Role of healthcare providers' recommendation style in HPV vaccine-decision-making among Haitian parents and female patients. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2017;15(3):68-80.
Pierre‐Victor 2021 {published data only}
    1. Pierre-Victor D, Stephens D, Gabbidon K, Jean-Baptiste N, Clarke R, Madhivanan P. Conversations about sexual activity within Haitian families: implications for HPV vaccine uptake. Ethnicity & Health 2021;26(4):571-84. - PubMed
Pinariya 2020 {published data only}
    1. Pinariya JM, Ikhsano A, Sutjipto AM. Accelerating diffusion innovation using celebrities as opinion leaders for millennials: HPV vaccines in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 2020;36(3):32-48.
Pineros 2010 {published data only}
    1. Pineros M, Wiesner C, Cortes C, Trujillo LM. HPV vaccine introduction at the local level in a developing country: attitudes and criteria among key actors. Cadernos de Saude Publica 2010;26(5):900-8. - PubMed
Rand 2020 {published data only}
    1. Rand CM, Concannon C, Wallace-BR, Davis W, Albertin CS, Humiston SG, et al. Identifying strategies to reduce missed opportunities for HPV vaccination in primary care: a qualitative study of positive deviants. Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, May 2019, Baltimore, MD. Clinical Pediatrics 2020;59(12):1058-68. - PubMed
Rockliffe 2020 {published data only}
    1. Rockliffe L, McBride E, Heffernan C, Forster AS. Factors affecting delivery of the HPV vaccination: a focus group study with NHS school-aged vaccination teams in London. Journal of School Nursing 2020;36(2):135-43. - PMC - PubMed
Roncancio 2018 {published data only}
    1. Roncancio AM, Carmack CC, Garcia-Morales V, Cribbs FL, Cano MA. Hispanic mothers' accounts of vaccinating their adolescent children against HPV: features of the clinic visit. Ethnicity & Health 2021;26(3):337-51. - PMC - PubMed
Salwa 2018 {published data only}
    1. Salwa M, Abdullah Al-Munim T. Ethical issues related to human papillomavirus vaccination programs: an example from Bangladesh. BMC Medical Ethics 2018;19 Suppl 1:39. - PMC - PubMed
Shah 2021 {published data only}
    1. Shah P, Shetty V, Ganesh M, Shetty AK. Challenges to human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among women in South India: an exploratory study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021;105(4):966-73. - PMC - PubMed
Sheth 2020 {published data only}
    1. Sheth S, Oliveira CR, Torres A, Avni-Singer L, Shapiro E, Niccolai L. Implementation of an inpatient postpartum HPV immunization program. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 2020;24 Suppl 1:S6.
Sidiropoulou 2022 {published data only}
    1. Sidiropoulou M, Gerogianni G, Kourti FE, Pappa D, Zartaloudi A, Koutelekos L, et al. Perceptions, knowledge and attitudes among young adults about prevention of HPV infection and immunization. Healthcare 2022;10(9):1721. - PMC - PubMed
Soltanizadeh 2020 {published data only}
    1. Soltanizadeh N, Ameri Shahrabi M, Masjedi MR, Ainy E, Kavousy E, Hashemi SM. Health culture and presenting a paradigmatic model focusing on human papillomavirus disease. Journal of Family & Reproductive Health 2020;14(2):116-23. - PMC - PubMed
Susanto 2020 {published data only}
    1. Susanto T, Rif'ah EN, Susumaningrum LA, Rahmawati I, Yunanto RA, Evayanti NL, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among healthcare workers, parents, and adolescent pupils: a pilot study in public health centers of Bali, Indonesia. Germs 2020;10(4):184-94. - PMC - PubMed
Thomas 2014 {published data only}
    1. Thomas TL, Higgins M, Pinto M. Parental attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of boys: quantitative and qualitative results to guide development of effective HPV vaccine interventions. Journal of Adolescent Health 2014;1:S86.
Towghi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Towghi F. The biopolitics of reproductive technologies beyond the clinic: localizing HPV vaccines in India. Medical Anthropology 2013;32:325-42. - PubMed
Vu 2022 {published data only}
    1. Vu M. US Vietnamese mothers' HPV vaccine decision-making for their adolescents: a qualitative study. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2022;33(4):1985-2006. - PMC - PubMed
Wheldon 2017 {published data only}
    1. Wheldon CW, Daley EM, Buhi ER, Baldwin JA, Nyitray AG, Giuliano AR. HPV vaccine decision-making among young men who have sex with men. Health Education Journal 2017;76(1):52-65. - PMC - PubMed
Williamson 2020 {published data only}
    1. Williamson E, Forster A, Bedford H. HPV: not just for girls! A qualitative study exploring the views of 11-12 year olds about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2020;105 Suppl 1:A58.
Wilson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wilson R, Brown DR, Boothe MA, Harris CE. Knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among ethnically diverse black women. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health 2013;15(4):747-57. - PubMed
Wong 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wong LP. Young multiethnic women's attitudes toward the HPV vaccine and HPV vaccination. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2008;103(2):131-5. - PubMed
Wong 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wong LP. Preventing cervical cancer through human papillomavirus vaccination: perspective from focus groups. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 2009;13(2):85-93. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Agana‐Norman 2024 {published data only}
    1. Agana-Norman DF, Martinez Martinez M, Shanmugasundaram M, Berenson AB. Understanding barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination among parents of 9-10-year-old adolescents: a qualitative analysis. Vaccines 2024;12(3):245. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030245] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ailloud 2023 {published data only}
    1. Ailloud J, Branchereau M, Fall E, Juneau C, Partouche H, Bonnay S, et al. How can we improve the acceptability of vaccination against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in France? An original qualitative study with focus groups comprising parents and school staff, interviewed separately. Vaccine 2023;41(31):4594-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.072] - DOI - PubMed
Appiah 2023 {published data only}
    1. Appiah EO, Oti-Boadi E, Appiah S, Bakkari MA, Menka MA, Awuah DB, et al. Acceptance of HPV vaccination in boys among mothers from selected churches in Accra, Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023;23(1):1053. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16028-5] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Arams 2021 {published data only}
    1. Arams R, Weinstock RE, Satterthwaite Muresianu E, O'Callaghan S, Tubridy E, Torres Maita Y, et al. In the name of prevention: maternal perspectives on school-based HPV vaccination in rural southern Chile. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2021;12:27-36. [DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.S299600] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bitariho 2023 {published data only}
    1. Bitariho GK, Tuhebwe D, Tigaiza A, Nalugya A, Ssekamatte T, Kiwanuka SN. Knowledge, perceptions and uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine among adolescent girls in Kampala, Uganda; a mixed-methods school-based study. BMC Pediatrics 2023;23(1):368. [DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04174-z] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bwanali 2024 {published data only}
    1. Bwanali AN, Liundi P, Lubanga AF, Mpinganjira SL, Gadama LA. Caregiver acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine for their female children in Chileka, Blantyre, Malawi. Vaccine 2024;20:100557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100557] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Camano‐Puig 2014 {published data only}
    1. Camano-Puig R, Sanchis-Martinez MM. Human papilloma virus vaccination in teenage girls: a focus group evaluation. Revista de Salud Publica (Bogota, Colombia) 2014;16(5):647-59. - PubMed
Carneiro 2018 {published data only}
    1. Carneiro da Silva PM, Barbosa Silva IM, Da Conceiao Souza IN, Interaminense Pereira Linhares FM, Serrano SQ, Pontes CM. Conhecimento e atitudes sobre o papilomavirus humano e a vacinação. Anna Nery School Journal of Nursing [Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem] 2018;22(2):1-7.
Carter 2024 {published data only}
    1. Carter A, Klinner C, Young A, Strnadov I, Wong H, Vujovich-Dunn C, et al. "I Thought It Was Better to Be Safe Than Sorry": factors influencing parental decisions on HPV and other adolescent vaccinations for students with intellectual disability and/or autism in New South Wales, Australia. Vaccines 2024;12(8):922. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080922] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chan 2024 {published data only}
    1. Chan DN, Lee PP, So WK. Exploring the barriers and facilitators influencing human papillomavirus vaccination decisions among South Asian and Chinese mothers: a qualitative study. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2024;11(3):1465-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01623-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Choi 2023 {published data only}
    1. Choi J, Markham C, Tamì-Maury I, Kim S, Cuccaro P. Maternal perceptions of vaccinating boys against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Seoul, South Korea: a descriptive exploratory qualitative study. PloS One 2023;18(3):e0282811. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282811] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cooper 2024 {published data only}
    1. Cooper SC, Porter A, Edwards RG, Keegan J, Gallo J, McCaffery K, et al. Exploring human papillomavirus vaccination decision making through mother and adolescent dyad interviews. Families, Systems and Health 2024;42(2):182-92. [DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000845] - DOI - PubMed
Dionne 2023 {published data only}
    1. Dionne M, Sauvageau C, Kiely M, Rathwell M, Bandara T, Neudorf C, et al. "The problem is not lack of information": a qualitative study of parents and school nurses' perceptions of barriers and potential solutions for HPV vaccination in schools. Vaccine 2023;41(45):6654-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.054] - DOI - PubMed
Enskär 2024 {published data only}
    1. Enskär I, Fransson E, Enskär K, Nevéus T, Grandahl M. School children's perceptions about being offered the HPV vaccination - a focus group study. Acta Paediatrica 2024;113(7):1672-8. [DOI: 10.1111/apa.17225] - DOI - PubMed
Fidalgo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fidalgo C, Mauron C, Nyffeler S, Pache B, Pereira PP. Vaccination against papillomavirus: words of adolescents. Revue Medicale Suisse 2013;9(393):1438-9. - PubMed
Fisher 2024 {published data only}
    1. Fisher H, Denford S, Audrey S, Finn A, Hajinur H, Hickman M, et al. Information needs of ethnically diverse, vaccine-hesitant parents during decision-making about the HPV vaccine for their adolescent child: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024;24:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17540-4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Khan 2023 {published data only}
    1. Khan A, Abonyi S, Neudorf C, Galea S, Ahmed S. Barriers to and facilitators of human papillomavirus vaccination in an ethnically diverse group of migrant parents: a qualitative mixed methods study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2023;19:2269721. [DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2269721] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Klotzler 2012 {published data only}
    1. Klotzler A, Kolip P. Decision for or against HPV vaccination: a qualitative study with adolescent girls. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) 2012;74:716-21. - PubMed
Kohler 2023 {published data only}
    1. Kohler R, Wagner R, Careaga K, Btoush R, Greene K, Kantor L. Mothers' perceptions and attitudes about HPV vaccination initiation among 9- and 10-year-olds. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2023;19:2270842. [DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2270842] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lubeya 2023 {published data only}
    1. Lubeya MK, Chibwesha CJ, Mwanahamuntu M, Mukosha M, Frank S, Kawonga M. "When you get the HPV vaccine, it will prevent cervical cancer; it will act as a shield": adolescent girls' knowledge and perceptions regarding the human papillomavirus vaccine in Zambia. Frontiers in Health Services 2023;3:1208458. [DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1208458] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Martinez 2024 {published data only}
    1. Martinez SA, Anderson AS, Burkhart M, Gopalani SV, Janitz AE, Campbell JE, et al. Perception of barriers to and factors associated with HPV vaccination among parents of American Indian adolescents in the Cherokee Nation. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2024;11:958-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01576-8] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Martínez‐Figueroa 2023 {published data only}
    1. Martínez-Figueroa GI, Nava-Navarro V, Fernández-Rincón CA, Báez-Hernández FJ, Mayo-Abarca JA, Morales-Nieto A. Knowledge and attitudes of Mexican mothers regarding non-acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine. MedUNAB 2023;26:390-400. [DOI: 10.29375/01237047.4370] - DOI
Moucheraud 2023 {published data only}
    1. Moucheraud C, Whitehead HS, Songo J, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Kaunda-Khangamwa BN. Malawian caregivers' experiences with HPV vaccination for preadolescent girls: a qualitative study. Vaccine 2023;14:100315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100315] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Nakibuuka 2024 {published data only}
    1. Nakibuuka V, Muddu M, Kraehenbuhl JP, Birungi C, Semitala FC, Tusubira AK. Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccination among adolescent girls living with HIV in Uganda: a mixed methods study. PloS One 2024;19:e0300155. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300155] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Netfa 2023 {published data only}
    1. Netfa F, King C, Davies C, Rashid H, Tashani M, Booy R, et al. Perceived facilitators and barriers to the uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescents of Arabic-speaking mothers in NSW, Australia: a qualitative study. Vaccine 2023;14:100335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100335] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ochomo 2024 {published data only}
    1. Ochomo EO, Tonui P, Muthoka K, Amboka S, Itsura P, Orang'o EO, et al. 'Addressing HPV vaccine hesitancy: unveiling concerns and building trust' perspectives of adolescent girls and parents in Kisumu County, Kenya. Ecancermedicalscience 2024;18:1735. [DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1735] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Petagna 2024 {published data only}
    1. Petagna CN, Perez S, Hsu E, Greene BM, Banner I, Bednarczyk RA, et al. Facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study in rural Georgia. BMC Cancer 2024;24(1):rs.3.rs3979079. [DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12351-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Purvis 2024 {published data only}
    1. Purvis RS, Moore R, Willis DE, Li J, Kraleti S, Imran T, et al. Understanding HPV vaccine hesitancy and what helped hesitant adopter parents have their children vaccinated despite their hesitancy. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2024;38:468-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.11.013] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Schwartz 2023 {published data only}
    1. Schwartz BI, Maccani M, Bansal S, Gannon M. Parental perceptions of the HPV vaccine for prevention of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Vaccine: X 2023;14:100298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100298] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shin 2023a {published data only}
    1. Shin MB, Sloan K, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Dang E, Garcia S, Palinkas LA, et al. Multilevel perspectives on school-based opportunities to improve HPV vaccination among medically underserved adolescents: beyond school entry mandates. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2023;19(2):2251815. [DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2251815] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Shin 2023b {published data only}
    1. Shin MB, Sloan KE, Martinez B, Soto C, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Unger JB, et al. Examining multilevel influences on parental HPV vaccine hesitancy among multiethnic communities in Los Angeles: a qualitative analysis. BMC Public Health 2023;23(1):454. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15318-2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Tran 2023 {published data only}
    1. Tran PL, Leruste S, Sitthisone J, Humbert M, Gilhard X, Lazaro G, et al. Understanding barriers and motivations to papillomavirus vaccination in a middle school in Reunion Island. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2023;285:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.033] - DOI - PubMed
Tuckerman 2024 {published data only}
    1. Tuckerman J, Mohamed Y, Justice F, Andersson T, Wyatt K, Broun K, et al. Stakeholder perspectives of immunisation delivery for adolescents with disability in specialist schools in Victoria, Australia: 'we need a vaccination pathway'. BMC Public Health 2024;24(1):1973. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19322-y] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Warsi 2023 {published data only}
    1. Warsi SK, Nielsen SM, Franklin BA, Abdullaev S, Ruzmetova D, Raimjanov R, et al. Formative research on HPV vaccine acceptance among health workers, teachers, parents, and social influencers in Uzbekistan. Vaccines 2023;11(4):754. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040754] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Washington 2023 {published data only}
    1. Washington A, Chabaan J, Fakih A, Ford S, Rutledge L, Lilly J, et al. "Why is it so necessary?": African American parents' perspectives on delaying and refusing HPV vaccination. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2023;37(4):373-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.01.002] - DOI - PubMed
Wiesner 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wiesner C, Pineros M, Trujillo LM, Cortes C, Ardila J. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptability amongst parents of adolescents in four Colombian areas. Revista de Salud Publica (Bogota, Colombia) 2010;12(6):961-73. - PubMed
Wijayanti 2023 {published data only}
    1. Wijayanti KE, Schutze H, Phail CM, Ivers R. Exploring parents' decisions regarding HPV vaccination for their daughters in Jakarta, Indonesia: a qualitative study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2023;24(11):3993-8. [DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.11.3993] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wilson 2023 {published data only}
    1. Wilson RJ, Leigh L, Bah H, Larson HJ, Clarke E. HPV vaccination acceptance and perceptions related to fertility and population control in the Gambia: an anthropological analysis. Vaccine 2023;41(24):3647-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.072] - DOI - PubMed
Wubu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Wubu A, Balta B, Cherie A, Bizuwork K. Perception about human papillomavirus vaccination among middle adolescent school girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2023: qualitative study. BMC Women's Health 2023;23(1):520. [DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02660-1] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Yangchen 2024 {published data only}
    1. Yangchen S, Felsher M, Acosta D, Sukarom I, Wu L, Phuntsho S, et al. Lessons learned from Bhutan on extending girls-only HPV vaccination program to boys: a qualitative study. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 2024;36(6-7):580-8. [DOI: 10.1177/10105395241273296] - DOI - PubMed
Yim 2024 {published data only}
    1. Yim VW, Wang Q, Li Y, Qin C, Tang W, Tang S, et al. Between now and later: a mixed methods study of HPV vaccination delay among Chinese caregivers in urban Chengdu, China. BMC Public Health 2024;24(1):183. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17697-6] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ρούσσου 2019 {published data only}
    1. Ρούσσου, Δήμητρα, Καυγά, Άννα, Κορέλη, Αλεξάνδρα. Γνώσεις και Απόψεις Σχολικών Νοσηλευτών και Γονέων για την Πρόληψη της HPV Λοίμωξης. Nosileftiki 2019;58(3):223-37.
Τσιγαρίδα 2019 {published data only}
    1. Τσιγαρίδ Β, Κοτρώτσιου Σ, Παραλίκας Λαχανά Ε, Κοτρώτσιου Ε, Μαλλιαρού Μ. Investigation of parents attitudes towards vaccination against the HPV virus [ΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΤΑΣΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΓΟΝΕΩΝ ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΜΒΟΛΙΑΣΜΟ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΙΟΥ HPV]. Interscientific Health Care 2019;11(2):13-9.

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References to other published versions of this review

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