Bioactive Metabolites from Radioresistant Bacterium Kocuria sp. TMM 11 and Their Role in Prevention of Ultraviolet-Induced Photodamages

Abstract

A radioresistant bacterium identified as Kocuria sp.TMM 11 was isolated from Thal desert. Kocuria sp.TMM11 demonstrated resistance (57.3% survival rate) to an ultraviolet B radiations dose of 4.1 × 10³ J/m², 61.5% survival rate to hydrogen peroxide (60 mM) and 57.1% survivability to mitomycin C (6 μg/mL). An orange carotenoid pigment from strain TMM 11 was extracted using solvent mixture of methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone (7:5:3), subsequently purified using C18 cartridge column. The purified fraction was analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and compounds identified were rhodovibrin, phytoene, 4'-Hydroxy-4,4'-diaponeurosporene-4-oic acid and 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin. The purified fraction with mixture of carotenoid compounds, was evaluated for its antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, phenolic content and radio protective potential. These assessments were conducted in relation to its ability to prevent protein and lipids oxidation, as well as DNA strand breaks in vitro. The fraction showed strong antioxidant activity, as indicated by its ability to scavenge super oxides, with an IC50 value of 50.8 μg/mL. Additionally, it displayed 75.76% iron chelation activity. The purified fraction strongly inhibited oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, comparable to the activity of standard ascorbic acid. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in extract were measured 11.6 and 9.8 μg in terms of gallic acid and quercetin equivalents per milligram of dried mass. Hence, it is concluded that the carotenoid mixture from Kocuria sp.TMM 11 not only inhibited DNA strands from UV mediated photo damages but also protected lipid and protein peroxidation and therefore could be a good candidate in radio protective drugs and as sunscreen.