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. 2025 Apr 10;44(9):876-881.
doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004831.

Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Diphosphate, Lamivudine Triphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate in Adolescents With HIV Infection With and Without Tuberculosis Coinfection

Sampson Antwi  1   2 , Anthony Enimil  1   2 , Hongmei Yang  3 , Charles Martyn-Dickens  2 , Albert Dompreh  4   5 , Aikins Kofi Amissah  2 , Oluwayemisi Ojewale  6 , Dennis Bosomtwe  2 , Eugenia Sly-Moore  2 , Priscilla Asiedu  2 , Augustina Frimpong Appiah  2 , Theresah Opoku  2 , Ama D Sarfo  2 , Lane R Bushman  7 , Lucas Ellison  7 , Wael A Alghamdi  8 , Peter L Anderson  7 , Awewura Kwara  6   9
Affiliations

Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Diphosphate, Lamivudine Triphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate in Adolescents With HIV Infection With and Without Tuberculosis Coinfection

Sampson Antwi et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J. .

Abstract

Background: There is limited data on the cellular pharmacokinetics (PK) of the nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in adolescents with HIV (AWH). We examined the steady-state concentrations of the NRTIs anabolites in dried blood spots (DBS) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in AWH and those with tuberculosis (TB) confection on rifampin-containing TB treatment.

Methods: AWH and TB/HIV coinfection on TB treatment receiving tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg/lamivudine (3TC) 300 mg or emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg daily for at least 8 weeks were enrolled. DBS were collected at the study entry. Following 2 weeks of telephone adherence reminders, DBS sampling was repeated, and 4 PBMC samples were collected between 10 and 20 hours postdose. Concentrations of TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP), 3TC triphosphate and FTC triphosphate in DBS and PBMCs were measured. Adherence based on TFV-DP concentrations in DBS and the anabolites concentrations in DBS and PBMCs were compared by TB coinfection status, and ≤14 versus >14 years old.

Results: Of 52 participants (46.2% with TB), the median (interquartile range) age 15.0 (14.5-17.0) years, 25 (48.1%) were male. Adherence based on TFV-DP in DBS was not significantly different by TB coinfection status or age group. The concentrations of the anabolites in DBS and PBMCs were similar in AWH and TB/HIV coinfection and ≤14 versus >14 years of age; and median concentrations at the population level were similar to historical values in adults.

Conclusions: The concentrations of the recommended NRTIs and pharmacokinetics-determined adherence were not significantly different in adolescents with TB or younger age.

Keywords: adolescents; emtricitabine triphosphate; lamivudine triphosphate; pharmacokinetics; tenofovir diphosphate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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