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. 2025 Apr 1:16:1565665.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1565665. eCollection 2025.

Environmental drivers and transcriptomic variations shaping Lei bamboo shoots across cultivation regions

Yingzhai Qian #  1 , Jingyi Jia #  1 , Zhenlin Chen  1 , Kecheng Wang  1 , Peng Li  1 , Peijun Gao  1   2 , Yeqing Ying  1   2 , Wenhui Shi  1   2
Affiliations

Environmental drivers and transcriptomic variations shaping Lei bamboo shoots across cultivation regions

Yingzhai Qian et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

The nutritional composition of bamboo shoots varies significantly across regions, yet the precise environmental drivers and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In particular, the influence of soil properties and climatic factors on key metabolic pathways regulating bamboo shoot quality has not been systematically examined. In this study, we investigate the environmental determinants of nutrient accumulation in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) shoots by integrating environmental analysis, nutritional profiling, and transcriptomics. We identified soil organic matter, total porosity, and longitude as the primary factors influencing bamboo shoot nutrition, with higher soil organic matter correlating with enhanced nutrient content. Transcriptome analysis revealed that environmental conditions regulate key metabolic pathways, including starch metabolism (e.g., BGLU, SPS) and flavonoid biosynthesis (e.g., PAL, 4CL), ultimately shaping bamboo shoot quality. Based on these findings, we developed a predictive model linking environmental factors, gene expression, and nutritional traits, providing a foundation for precision cultivation strategies. This study provides novel insights into plant-environment interactions governing bamboo shoot nutrition and offers actionable strategies for region-specific cultivation, aligning with consumer demand for healthier bamboo-based products.

Keywords: bamboo shoots; environmental factors; nutritional traits; precision cultivation; regional management; transcriptome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study on the introduction distribution of bamboo shoots and the setting of sample land.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Clustered heatmap of soil properties across different cultivation regions of Lei bamboo. LA, soil samples from Lin ‘an; NG, soil samples from Ningguo; FH, soil samples from Fenghua; JL, soil samples from Jiaoling; JO, soil samples from Jian’ou; TH, soil samples from Taihe; CS, soil samples from Chishui; XX, soil samples from Xixiang.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Apparent and nutritional characters of bamboo shoots. (A) Comparison of shell-contained and shell-removed images of bamboo shoots collected from different areas of bamboo cultivation. (B-J) Nutritional properties of Lei bamboo bamboo shoots (LA) transplanted to different cultivation regions. LA, bamboo shoot samples from Lin ‘an; NG, bamboo shoot samples from Ningguo; FH, bamboo shoot samples from Fenghua; JL, bamboo shoot samples from Jiaoling; JO, bamboo shoot samples from Jian’ou; TH, bamboo shoot samples from Taihe; CS, bamboo shoot samples from Chishui; XX, bamboo shoot samples from Xixiang. Different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d) above the bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in the nutritional quality of bamboo shoots among different sample sites, as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil environmental factors and nutritional traits in Lei bamboo shoots.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The original number and intersection number of transcriptomic genes in each group of bamboo shoots in different cultivation areas. ST, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Lin ‘an; SF, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Fenghua; SN, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Ningguo; SM, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Jiaoling; SJO, the samples transcriptome of bamboo shoots from Jian’ou; SJA, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Taihe; SC, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Chishui; SH, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Xixiang. LA, bamboo shoot samples from Lin ‘an; NG, bamboo shoot samples from Ningguo; FH, bamboo shoot samples from Fenghua; JL, bamboo shoot samples from Jiaoling; JO, bamboo shoot samples from Jian’ou; TH, bamboo shoot samples from Taihe; CS, bamboo shoot samples from Chishui; XX, bamboo shoot samples from Xixiang. B-E, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differential genes in bamboo shoots from different introduced distribution areas.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Transcriptome regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism in bamboo shoots. (A) Metabolic pathways of starch and sucrose in bamboo shoots. (B) DEGs related to starch and sucrose metabolism in Lei bamboo shoots. Heat map was constructed based on FPKM values, and rows and columns indicate DEGs and samples, respectively. The color scale represents the Z-score calculated. BGLU, Beta-glucosidase; SPS, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase; SBE, Starch Branching Enzyme; SUS, Sucrose Synthase;CIN, Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase; GLU, Glucose; SS, Sucrose Synthase; AGA, Agarose; UGPA, UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase; PYgb, Glycogen Phosphorylase B; ST, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Lin ‘an; SF, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Fenghua; SN, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Ningguo; SM, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Jiaoling; SJO, the samples transcriptome of bamboo shoots from Jian’ou; SJA, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Taihe; SC, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Chishui; SH, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Xixiang.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Transcriptome regulation of Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and Flavonoid biosynthesis in bamboo shoots. (A) Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and Flavonoid biosynthesis in bamboo shoots. (B) DEGs related to Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and Flavonoid biosynthesis in Lei bamboo shoots. Heat map was constructed based on FPKM values, and rows and columns indicate DEGs and samples, respectively. The color scale represents the Z-score calculated. PAL, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; CYP73A, Cinnamate-4-Hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase; HCT, Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA; CCR, Cinnamate-CoA Reductase; VSR, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein (VAMP)-Related; CAD, Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase; PER,Peroxidase; DMR6, Defective in Mediation of Resistance 6; CYP75A, Flavonoid 3’-Hydroxylase; CYP75B, Flavonoid 3’,5’-Hydroxylase; ST, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Lin ‘an; SF, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Fenghua; SN, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Ningguo; SM, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Jiaoling; SJO, the samples transcriptome of bamboo shoots from Jian’ou; SJA, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Taihe; SC, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Chishui; SH, the transcriptome samples of bamboo shoots from Xixiang.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Correlation analysis between the nutritional qualities of Lei bamboo shoots and environmental factors across cultivation sites.
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