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. 2025 Mar 25;14(7):1132.
doi: 10.3390/foods14071132.

Dual-Mode Quantitative Immunochromatographic Assay for Highly Sensitive On-Site Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Fish Products

Junqi Shen  1 , Zhengyi Cai  1 , Cheng Zhang  1 , Xinyue Feng  1 , Chenzhi Zhang  1 , Huan Zhao  1 , Chuanlin Yin  1   2 , Bo Wang  3 , Xiaoping Yu  1 , Biao Zhang  1
Affiliations

Dual-Mode Quantitative Immunochromatographic Assay for Highly Sensitive On-Site Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Fish Products

Junqi Shen et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin has been extensively utilized in aquaculture due to its remarkable efficacy in preventing and treating bacterial infections in fish animals. However, the widespread application of ciprofloxacin has led to significant residue accumulation, necessitating the development of rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. In this study, we developed a novel dual-mode quantitative immunochromatographic assay based on a portable reader and a photothermal instrument, enabling on-site ciprofloxacin detection. Under optimized conditions, the portable reader mode (Mode 1) achieved a detection range of 0.1-100.0 ng/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL. The photothermal instrument mode (Mode 2) achieved a detection range of 0.1-500.0 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.1 ng/mL. The sensitivity and accuracy of the method were validated using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. This developed method successfully detected ciprofloxacin residues in samples of Parabramis pekinensis, Larimichthys crocea, Channa argus, Carassius auratus and Micropterus salmoides, with satisfactory recovery rates. The results demonstrated excellent specificity and applicability across various fish product matrices, offering a reliable and efficient solution for the on-site monitoring of ciprofloxacin residues in fish products.

Keywords: PVP@Pd; aquatic product safety; ciprofloxacin; dual-mode quantitative immunochromatographic assay; photothermal immunoassay; portable reader.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of dual-mode quantitative immunochromatographic assay for detection of CIP. Competitive immunochromatographic assay (A) and detection output mode based on portable reader and photothermal instrument (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The characterization of the PVP@Pd NPs. The TEM image (A), element mapping (B), EDX spectra (C), size distribution (D) and UV-vis-NIR absorbance spectra at different dilutions (E) of PVP@Pd NPs. Photothermal images (F) and the corresponding photothermal temperatures (G) under laser irradiation from 0 to 5 min in the presence of PVP@Pd NPs from 5-fold dilution to 20-fold dilution.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Optimization results for experimental conditions. Optimization of PVP@Pd NPs-mAb additive amount (A), buffer pH value (B), buffer type (C) and laser irradiation current (D). (A–C) each contain images of test strips in upper left corner.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Detection output mode based on portable reader and photothermal instrument. Standard curve in portable reader mode (A). Standard curve in photothermal instrument mode (B). Specificity results for CIP and other antibiotics in portable reader mode (C). Specificity results for CIP and other antibiotics in photothermal instrument mode (D). (A,B) each contain images of test strips in lower right corners.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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