Behavioural Addiction: A Concept Analysis

Abstract

Aim: This concept analysis aims to clarify the uncertain and evolving concept of behavioural addiction, addressing its complexities and ambiguities to better inform its potential inclusion and classification in future revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

Background: Evidence suggests that rates of behavioural addictions continue to rise. Conceptual clarity of behavioural addictions is essential for mental health providers. Clarifying the concept of behavioural addiction will aid in developing specialised tools in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 17 articles after a literature search that included search terms such as 'behavioral addiction', 'non-substance use addiction' and 'internet gaming disorder', among others, was conducted. Characteristics, antecedents and consequences of behavioural addiction were identified, and model, borderline and contrary cases were developed.

Data sources: Articles from PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar.

Results: Six essential characteristics of behavioural addiction were identified: salience, euphoria, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, conflict and reinstatement. Additionally, antecedents identified were family psychiatric history, psychiatric comorbidity, environmental factors, accessibility and exposure to stressors. There are four major consequences of behavioural addiction: physical and mental health problems, disruption of interpersonal relationships, neurobiological adaptation and financial, social or occupational repercussions.

Conclusion: This analysis examined the concept of behavioural addiction to promote an understanding for clinical utility. Further research is required to establish additional support for establishing clarity of the concept of behavioural addiction and aid in the development and implementation of diagnostic tools and treatments for people experiencing behavioural addiction.

Implications for the profession: A thorough concept analysis of behavioural addiction helps to delineate its boundaries, core attributes, antecedents and consequences. This clarity allows for more precise communication among researchers, practitioners and policymakers. It can lead to the development of standardised diagnostic criteria and intervention strategies tailored to behavioural addictions.

Impact: This analysis addressed the concept of behavioural addictions and increased clarity on the characteristics, antecedents and consequences that define this phenomenon.

Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Keywords: behavioural addiction; gambling disorder; internet gaming disorder; non‐substance use addiction; nursing; social media addiction.