Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis of intercostal nerves in traumatic rib fractures

Abstract

Background: Multimodal pain control is the cornerstone of managing acute traumatic rib fractures. We employed surgeon-administered, ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis of intercostal nerves (USPCNIN) as an adjunct opioid-sparing analgesic modality at the bedside.

Methods: This was a single-institution case series. Patients between 18-64 years of age who sustained traumatic rib fracture between ribs 3-9, deemed ineligible for surgical stabilization, and had pre-procedure numeric pain scores ≥5 underwent USPCNIN within 24 h of study enrollment by an attending chest wall surgeon. Primary outcomes were changes in daily narcotic use and numeric pain score from pre-intervention up to 30-day follow-up visits. Additional outcomes included hospital length of stay, procedure-related adverse events, and rib-specific readmission.

Results: Fifteen patients were identified. Median (IQR) patient age was 52 (43, 58) years and four (27 %) were female. Median (IQR) number of rib fractures was 5 (4, 8). Median (IQR) hospital length of stay was 4 (3, 7) days. Daily opioid use (measured in morphine milligram equivalents, MME) and present pain intensity (PPI) decreased significantly from pre-intervention to hospital discharge (median MME 96.5 vs. 49.5, p = 0.043; median PPI 10 vs. 7, p = 0.020). Twelve patients completed 30-day follow-up and had significantly decreased MME and PPI from hospital discharge (median MME 62.3 vs. 5, p = 0.014; median PPI 6.5 vs. 3, p = 0.001). There were no complications directly attributable to the procedure. There were no rib-specific readmissions.

Conclusion: USPCNIN is a minimally-invasive, bedside procedure that can be safely performed by trauma surgeons and augment pain control for acute traumatic rib fractures.

Keywords: Acute pain; Cryoneurolysis; Percutaneous; Rib fracture.