A. J. Eisfeld et al. reply

Affiliations

¹ Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
² Heritage Vet Partners, Johnson, KS, USA.
³ Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁴ Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Canyon, TX, USA.
⁵ Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA.
⁶ Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
⁷ Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
⁸ Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
⁹ The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced research center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
¹⁰ The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.

Amie J Eisfeld et al. Nature. 2025 Apr.

. 2025 Apr;640(8059):E28-E29.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08823-4.

¹ Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
² Heritage Vet Partners, Johnson, KS, USA.
³ Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
⁴ Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Canyon, TX, USA.
⁵ Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA.
⁶ Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
⁷ Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
⁸ Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
⁹ The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced research center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.
¹⁰ The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

1. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. HPAI Confirmed Cases in Livestock https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influen... (US Department of Agriculture, 2024).
1. H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html (US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024).
1. Eisfeld, A. J. et al. Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus. Nature 633, 426–432 (2024). - DOI - PubMed - PMC
1. Chopra, P. et al. Receptor-binding specificity of a bovine influenza A virus. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08822-5 (2024).
1. Santos, J. J. S. et al. Bovine H5N1 binds poorly to human-type sialic acid receptors. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08821-6 (2024).