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. 2025 Apr 15;10(5):382-386.
doi: 10.1080/23802359.2025.2487068. eCollection 2025.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the widespread freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica

Nino Kachlishvili  1 , Clément Schneider  2 , Ani Bikashvili  1 , Barbara Feldmeyer  3 , Markus Pfenninger  3 , Levan Mumladze  1
Affiliations

The complete mitochondrial genome of the widespread freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica

Nino Kachlishvili et al. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. .

Abstract

Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) (Gastropoda: Hygrophila: Planorbidae) is a globally distributed freshwater limpet native to North America. Based on the specimens collected in Georgia, we aimed to sequence and annotate the mitochondrial genome of F. californica for the first time. The mt-genome spans 13526 bp containing 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Comparisons with the mitochondrial genomes of other gastropod molluscs revealed differences in gene organization. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on 12 protein-coding genes of several representatives from the Planorbidae and Limnaeidae families placed F. californica and Laevapex fuscus (C. B. Adams, 1840) as sister taxa.

Keywords: Cryptic invader; genome construction; phylogeny; planorbidae.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Shell of Ferrissia californica. The photo was taken at Ilia State University. Photograph by Nino Kachlishvili and Armen Seropian. Voucher number Fe2-e41d4p2. The length of the shell is 2.8 mm; the width is 1.8 mm and the height is 1 mm. Shell has a blunted apex which is slightly shifted to the right.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The mitochondrial genome of Ferrissia californica PP473661. The genome map was visualized with Proksee (Grant et al. 2023). Genes inside of the circle are encoded on the reverse strand, and genes outside of the circle are encoded on the forward strand.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The reconstructed phylogenetic relationship of Ferrissia californica (Rowell 1863) PP473661 with most closely related species from Planorbidae and Limnaeidae family: Biomphalaria glabrata (Say 1818) AY380567 (DeJong, Aidan, and Ademat 2016); Planorbella duryi (Wetherby, 1879) KY514384 (Schultz et al. 2018); Gyraulus sp. Charpentier, 1837 MW357851 (unpublished); Laevapex fuscus (C. B. Adams, 1840) MN830918 (unpublished); Bulinus ugandae Mandahl-Barth, 1954 MK414451 (Zhang et al. 2022); Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes 1833) OQ789316 (unpublished); Anisus vortex (Linneaus, 1758) OX421510 (Skipp and Ablett 2023); Planorbis planorbis (Linneaus 1758) MT862401 (Rempel et al. 2021); Polypylis sp. Pilsbry, 1906 OR684570 (Tao et al. 2024); as an outgroup: Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) (accepted name: Ampullaceana balthica (Linnaeus 1758)) KP098541 (Feldmeyer et al. 2015); Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller 1774) MT862422 (unpublished); Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus 1758) MW221941 (unpublished); Omphiscola glabra (O. F. Müller, 1774) OZ024812 (unpublished).
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