Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions in Multiple Sclerosis Management in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative condition characterized by the immune system's attack on the myelin sheath, leading to neurological dysfunction. While the prevalence of MS in Africa remains lower than in other regions, it has been rising steadily in recent years, with unique challenges hindering its effective management. These challenges include limited health care resources, inadequate diagnostic tools, financial constraints on accessing disease-modifying therapies, and a lack of trained health care professionals (HCPs). Cultural stigma surrounding MS further complicates patient care and treatment adherence. However, ongoing efforts by patient organizations, international collaborations, and local HCPs are focused on raising awareness, enhancing diagnosis and treatment access, and training HCPs. Future directions include integrating MS into national health policies, expanding education and research initiatives, and improving patient support networks. These efforts are vital in addressing the growing burden of MS in Africa and ensuring equitable access to care.

Keywords: Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa.