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Observational Study
. 2025 Apr;30(2):13596535251333259.
doi: 10.1177/13596535251333259. Epub 2025 Apr 17.

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study

George Uchenna Eleje  1   2 , Hadiza Abdullahi Usman  3   4 , Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu  5 , Preye Owen Fiebai  6   7 , Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba  8   9 , Ayyuba Rabiu  10   11 , Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu  1   2 , Osita Samuel Umeononihu  1   2 , Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu  12 , Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam Ogbuagu  13 , Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu  14   15 , Emeka Philip Igbodike  16 , Richard Obinwanne Egeonu  2 , Ijeoma Chioma Oppah  7 , Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye  17 , Chike Henry Nwankwo  18 , Stephen Okoroafor Kalu  19 , Chisom God'swill Chigbo  20 , Moriam Taiwo Chibuzor  21 , Shirley Nneka Chukwurah  22 , Chinwe Elizabeth Uzochukwu  23 , Aishat Ahmed  9 , Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi  24 , Bukola Abimbola Adesoji  25 , Ubong Inyang Anyang  9 , Ekene Agatha Emeka  26 , Odion Emmanuel Igue  27 , Ogbonna Dennis Okoro  28 , Prince Ogbonnia Aja  12 , Chiamaka Perpetua Chidozie  12 , Hadiza Sani Ibrahim  11 , Fatima Ele Aliyu  11 , Harrison Chiro Ugwuoroko  2 , Aisha Ismaila Numan  4 , Solace Amechi Omoruyi  7 , Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro  2 , Ifeanyi Kingsley Nwaeju  2 , Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna  29 , Lydia Ijeoma Eleje  30 , David Chibuike Ikwuka  31 , Eric Okechukwu Umeh  32   33 , Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje  34 , Ifeoma Clara Ajuba  35 , Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu  36 , Uzoamaka Rufina Ebubedike  32   33 , Divinefavour Echezona Malachy  1 , Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku  17 , Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor  2 , Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu  2 , Obinna Kenneth Nnabuchi  2 , Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama  1   2 , Kingsley Chidiebere Nwaogu  33 , Rashida Khalid Yakubu  1 , Ifunanya Anita Ezeamama  37 , Amaka Elizabeth Agbata  38 , Maryrose Onyinyechukwu Ikem  39 , Kingsley Chukwuebuka Agu  40 , Ekenedilichukwu Anselem Odiegwu  41 , Chinedu Charles Nwankwo  2 , Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu  42 , Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai  10   11 , Olabisi Morebise Loto  43   44 , Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi  45 , Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu  1   2
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Free article
Observational Study

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study

George Uchenna Eleje et al. Antivir Ther. 2025 Apr.
Free article

Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates for dual and triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among pregnant women.MethodsA multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in six randomly selected tertiary hospitals from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consenting participants were tested at recruitment for triplex infections and followed-up till delivery. Retests were performed at delivery for those who tested negative for all three infections/positive for only one. Polymerase chain reaction was used for validation while rapid test kits were employed for initial screening.ResultsOf the 2775 participants recruited, 13 (0.47%; 95% CI: 0.25%-0.80%) and 4 (0.14%; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%) were seropositive for dual and triplex infections, respectively. Dual infections revealed seroprevalences of 0.22% for HIV-HBV (6/2775; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.47%), 0.14% for HIV-HCV (4/2775; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%), and 0.11% for HBV-HCV (3/2775; 95% CI: 0.02%-0.32%). Multivariable analysis highlighted significant associations between HIV/HBV co-infection and religion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.068, 95% CI: 0.006-0.757) and house ownership (aOR): 1.65 × 10-9, 95% CI: 1.60 × 10-9-1.70 × 10-9). Continuing our follow-up until delivery for 2403 initial participants, 2386 did not have dual or triplex infections at the start. Upon retesting at delivery, three of these women were seropositive for a dual infection of HIV and HBV, giving a seroconversion rate of 0.12% (95% CI: 0.03% to 0.37%). MTCT rate stood at 0% at 6-week post-delivery.ConclusionWe observed a relatively low seroprevalence and seroconversion rates for dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among pregnant women in Nigeria and no MTCT.

Keywords: HBV; HCV; HIV infection; antenatal women; stillbirth; triple infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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