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Review
. 2025 Mar 25;26(7):2995.
doi: 10.3390/ijms26072995.

Peptides and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Root Development

Larisa Ivanovna Fedoreyeva  1 , Neonila Vasilievna Kononenko  1
Affiliations
Review

Peptides and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Root Development

Larisa Ivanovna Fedoreyeva et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Like phytohormones, peptide hormones participate in many cellular processes, participate in intercellular communications, and are involved in signal transmission. The system of intercellular communications based on peptide-receptor interactions plays a critical role in the development and functioning of plants. One of the most important molecules are reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS participate in signaling processes and intercellular communications, including the development of the root system. ROS are recognized as active regulators of cell division and differentiation, which depend on the oxidation-reduction balance. The stem cell niche and the size of the root meristem are maintained by the intercellular interactions and signaling networks of peptide hormone and ROS. Therefore, peptides and ROS can interact with each other both directly and indirectly and function as regulators of cellular processes. Peptides and ROS regulate cell division and stem cell differentiation through a negative feedback mechanism. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of the main root, lateral roots, and nodules, in which peptides and ROS participate.

Keywords: ROS; peptide; root development.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Root zones. QC—quiescent center, MZ—meristematic zone, EZ—elongation zone, DZ—differential zone. (B) Quiescent center. (C) Localization of peptides in root zones.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Redox reactions of GSH and ASC. Foyer–Halliwell–Asads pathway.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of protection of protein thiol groups from oxidation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanisms of embryonic root primordium formation and stabilization.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Оxidation–reduction reactions of sulfate groups of proteins and peptides.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A positive regulation of stem cell niche maintenance by RGF1.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Positive regulation of stem cell niche maintenance by PSK.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Regulation of root cell elongation by RALF and ROS.
Figure 9
Figure 9
CLE40 peptide forms a negative feedback loop CLE40-AcR4-WOX5 in RAM.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Regulation of lateral roots and fused nodules by CEP peptide.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(A) Negative feedback loop peptide AEDL-AcR4-WOX5 in RAM. (B) Opposite distribution of H2O2 and O2•− in root.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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