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. 2025 Apr 14:36:e246228.
doi: 10.1590/0103-644020256228. eCollection 2025.

Individual and contextual factors associated with orofacial dysfunction in schoolchindren

[Article in Portuguese]
Luiza Jordânia Serafim de Araújo  1 , Monalisa Cesarino Gomes  2 , Ramon Targino Firmino  3 , Edja Maria Melo de Brito Costa  1 , Saul Martins de Paiva  4 , Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia  1
Affiliations

Individual and contextual factors associated with orofacial dysfunction in schoolchindren

[Article in Portuguese]
Luiza Jordânia Serafim de Araújo et al. Braz Dent J. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

To investigate individual and contextual factors associated with orofacial dysfunction in schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 children eight to ten years of age. The children answered questionnaires addressing orofacial dysfunction and anxiety. Guardians provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disturbances, and family cohesion. Examiners investigated the presence of orofacial dysfunction, dental caries, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries (Andreasen criteria) (Kappa>0.80). The type of school and average monthly income of the school neighborhood were the contextual variables. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize the sample. Unadjusted and adjusted (p <0.05) multilevel Poisson regression models were run. The prevalence of orofacial dysfunction was 33.3%. After adjustment by the contextual variables, a lower family income, a larger quantity of carious teeth, the presence of traumatic dental injury, severe/very severe malocclusion, the presence of sleep disturbances, and anxiety remained associated with orofacial dysfunction, whereas definite malocclusion was a protection factor. In terms of context, attending a public school was associated with orofacial dysfunction. Orofacial dysfunction was influenced by a lower family income, a larger quantity of carious teeth, and the presence of traumatic dental injury, sleep disturbances, and anxiety. Moreover, attending a public school was the contextual determinant that played a significant role in the outcome.

Investigar fatores individuais e contextuais associados à disfunção orofacial em escolares. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 739 crianças de oito a dez anos de idade. As crianças responderam a questionários abordando disfunção orofacial e ansiedade. Os responsáveis ​​forneceram informações sobre características sociodemográficas, distúrbios do sono e coesão familiar. Os examinadores investigaram a presença de disfunção orofacial, cárie dentária, má oclusão e lesões dentárias traumáticas (critérios de Andreasen) (Kappa>0,80). O tipo de escola e a renda média mensal do bairro escolar foram as variáveis ​​contextuais. Estatística descritiva foi realizada para caracterizar a amostra e modelos de regressão de Poisson multinível não ajustados e ajustados (p <0,05) foram executados. A prevalência de disfunção orofacial foi de 33,3%. Após ajuste pelas variáveis ​​contextuais, menor renda familiar, maior quantidade de dentes cariados, presença de lesão dentária traumática, má oclusão grave/muito grave, presença de distúrbios do sono e ansiedade permaneceram associados à disfunção orofacial, enquanto má oclusão definida foi um fator de proteção. Em termos de contexto, frequentar escola pública foi associado à disfunção orofacial. A disfunção orofacial foi influenciada por menor renda familiar, maior quantidade de dentes cariados e presença de lesão dentária traumática, distúrbios do sono e ansiedade. Além disso, frequentar escola pública foi o determinante contextual que desempenhou um papel significativo no resultado.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: There is nothing to declare.

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