Patient satisfaction matters: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the modified Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire into Traditional Chinese (C-mPSPSQ 2.0) among patients with heart failure

Abstract

Background: This study translated, adapted, and validated a modified version of the Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire 2.0 in Traditional Chinese (C-mPSPSQ 2.0) for heart failure (HF), aiming to streamline the tool for clinical applicability in Taiwan while maintaining psychometric rigor.

Methods: A five-phase process was implemented, comprising forward-backward translation, pretesting, a pilot study, psychometric analysis, and content validation of the final model. Patients from the HF clinic and cardiology wards at National Taiwan University Hospital were invited to participate. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess construct validity across two prespecified models (Model 1: a 16-item version following the original; Model 2: an 8-item adaptation), as well as Model 3, which was iteratively developed using both quantitative criteria and qualitative feedback. The multitrait-multimethod matrix was used to examine construct validity in Model 3, with content validation conducted using a mixed-methods approach. Reliability was evaluated using McDonald's omega, Cronbach's alpha, and corrected item-to-total correlations. Test-retest reliability was assessed at 2-week and 3-month intervals, coupled with random measurement error evaluation.

Results: The study included 245 patients. Model 3, a modified 6-item version, demonstrated acceptable model fit and good internal consistency (McDonald's omega = 0.922). Results of test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change collectively supported instrument consistency for C-mPSPSQ 2.0.

Conclusion: The C-mPSPSQ 2.0 is an easy-to-use, reliable, and valid 6-item scale. Its concise design minimizes respondent burden while preserving psychometric robustness, making it effective for evaluating pharmacist-provided services in Taiwan's clinical settings, especially among older adults with HF.

Keywords: PSPSQ 2.0; Patient satisfaction; Pharmacist; Taiwan; Traditional Chinese; Translation; Validation.