Role of gut microbiota and mesenteric adipose tissue in the pathology of Crohn's disease: Potential therapeutic targets

Abstract

This editorial comments on the article by Wu et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. The article explored the relationship between mesenteric adipose tissue, creeping fat, inflammation, and gut microbiota in Crohn's disease (CD). We discussed three key aspects of the interaction between gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): The physiological functions of the gut microbiota, the potential role of probiotics in IBD treatment; and the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in combating IBD. IBD, comprising CD and ulcerative colitis (UC), is influenced by the gut microbiota. Changes in gut microbiota composition disrupt intestinal function and promote chronic inflammation, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Probiotics have demonstrated some efficacy in inducing remission in UC, though their effectiveness in CD is still debated. FMT shows promise in treating IBD, especially UC, by restoring gut microbiota diversity and inducing clinical remission. As for CD, FMT has potential, but more studies are needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety. Dietary approaches may help manage IBD symptoms or disease activity, but patient adherence is crucial. Clinicians and researchers must recognize the importance of the gut microbiota and the need for personalized therapies targeting microbial imbalances.

Keywords: Crohn’s disease; Gut microbiota; Inflammatory bowel disease; Probiotics; Ulcerative colitis.